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Epidemiology of parkinson’s disease
Open accessAbstract
The epidemiologic studies reviewed here have provided insights into the etiology of PD. Evidence increasingly suggests that, like many other chronic age-related diseases, PD is a multifactorial disorder, with both genes and environment contributing to risk. As the elderly population of the world grows, incidence and prevalence of PD will continue to increase, underscoring the importance of further delineating risk factors. The introduction of levodopa and other pharmacologic therapies over the last 2 decades has postponed disease morbidity and mortality, but morbidity and mortality still are increased markedly relative to unaffected individuals. The development of therapies that may slow disease progression makes early identification and treatment of PD particularly important. Investigations of early markers of PD, or markers of disease susceptibility, are critical areas for future research. These efforts all will be aided by careful collaboration between epidemiologists and laboratory scientists.
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“Stress and aging are prerequisites for neurodegenerative disease [66].”
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REVIEW OF NATURAL PRODUCTS ON PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATHOLOGY
Essa, M. M., Braidy, N., Bridge, W. J., Subash, S., Manivasagam, T., Vijayan, R. K., Al‐Adawi, S., & Guillemin, G. J. (2014) · Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle · doi:10.14283/jarcp.2014.23 · Cited by 31
The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in a rural area of North-East England
Walker, R. W., Hand, A., Jones, C., Wood, B. H., & Gray, W. K. (2010) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.07.002 · Cited by 31
Siderowf, A. D. (2001) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70035-9 · Cited by 31
Destabilization of survival factor MEF2D mRNA by neurotoxin in models of Parkinson's disease
Wang, B., Cai, Z., Lu, F., Li, C., Zhu, X., Su, L., Gao, G., & Yang, Q. (2014) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12765 · Cited by 30
“The disease is characterized pathologically by the loss of pigmented dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantial nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Tanner and Goldman 1996; Tatton and Kish 1997; de Lau and Breteler 2006).”
BackgroundLakkappa, N., Krishnamurthy, P. T., Hammock, B. D., Velmurugan, D., & Bharath, M. M. S. (2016) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.06.003 · Cited by 30
Marrone, L., Bus, C., Schöndorf, D. C., Fitzgerald, J. C., Kübler, M., Schmid, B., Reinhardt, P., Reinhardt, L., Deleidi, M., Levin, T., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192497 · Cited by 30
Biophysical Characterization of α-Synuclein and Rotenone Interaction
Silva, B., Einarsdóttir, Ó., Fink, A. L., & Uversky, V. N. (2013) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom3030703 · Cited by 30
Clinical profile of parkinsonian disorders in the tropics: Experience at Kano, northwestern Nigeria
Femi, O. L., Ibrahim, A., & Aliyu, S. (2012) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.4103/0976-3147.102589 · Cited by 30
Parkinson’s disease, CYP2D6 polymorphism, and age
Payami, H., Lee, N., Zareparsi, S., McNeal, M. G., Camicioli, R. M., Bird, T. D., Sexton, G. J., Gancher, S., Kaye, J. A., Calhoun, D., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.10.1363 · Cited by 30
Using Liquid Levodopa in the Treatment of Parkinson??s Disease
Kurth, M. (1997) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199710050-00002 · Cited by 30
Kishore, A., Popa, T., James, P., Yahia‐Cherif, L., Backer, F., Chacko, L. V., Govind, P., Pradeep, S., & Meunier, S. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.004 · Cited by 30
“, 2009), and an increased probability of developing Parkinson’s disease, the archetypal movement disorder (Tanner and Goldman, 1996).”
BackgroundWillkommen, D., Lucio, M., Schmitt‐Kopplin, P., Gazzaz, M., Schroeter, M., Sigaroudi, A., & Michalke, B. (2018) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.005 · Cited by 31
Chen, H., Cao, J., Zha, L., Wang, P., Liu, Z., Guo, B., Zhang, G., Sun, Y., Zhang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103551 · Cited by 29
Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Impacts Language in Early Parkinson's Disease
Phillips, L. L., Litcofsky, K. A., Pelster, M. W., Gelfand, M. P., Ullman, M. T., & Charles, D. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042829 · Cited by 29
The perioperative management of Parkinson's disease revisited
Gálvez-Jiménez, N., & Lang, A. E. (2004) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2004.01.004 · Cited by 29
“It has been estimated that PD has a prevalence of 59 to 187 per 100,000 population worldwide [1] with an annual incidence of 20 per 10,000 [2,3], and in North America 1% of the population over age 60 is affected by the disease [1,3,4].”
BackgroundKhedr, E. M., Fawi, G., Abbas, M. A. A., Mohammed, T. A., Elfetoh, N. A., Al-Attar, G. S. T., & Zaki, A. F. (2015) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/1743132815y.0000000020 · Cited by 29
Parkinson's Disease in the Gulf Countries: An Updated Review
Alamri, Y., MacAskill, M. R., Anderson, T., & Benamer, H. T. S. (2015) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000442283 · Cited by 29
PINK1 deficiency enhances autophagy and mitophagy induction
Gómez‐Sánchez, R., Yakhine-Diop, S. M. S., Pedro, J. M. B., Pizarro‐Estrella, E., Rodríguez‐Arribas, M., Climent, V. E., Martín‐Cano, F. E., González-Soltero, M. E., Tandon, A., Fuentes, J. M., et al. (2015) · Molecular & Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1080/23723556.2015.1046579 · Cited by 30
Yacoubian, T. A., Howard, G., D, B. M. K. M., Sands, C. D., & Standaert, D. G. (2009) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000254568 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanner, C. M., & Goldman, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center (US)
- Venue
- Neurologic Clinics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 317-335
- ISSN
- 0733-8619 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7173037
- OpenAlex
- W2084553926
- Semantic Scholar
- 722f96a983f226977773068a6a70c00979c0cbd5
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 11.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA094089)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, etiology, complex diseases, genetic risk factors, environmental risk factors, incidence, prevalence, levodopa, early markers, disease susceptibility, disease progression
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Consanguinity, Diet, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors, Smoking, Global Health, Hazardous Substances, Incidence, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Patient Selection
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