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Cited by 54Extracellular vesicles in diseaseParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Nigrostriatal Astrocytes Rescue Cell Death and Preserve Mitochondrial Function in Parkinson's Disease

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Leggio, Loredana, L'Episcopo, Francesca, Magrì, Andrea, Ulloa‐Navas, María José, Paternò, Greta, Vivarelli, Silvia, Bastos, Carlos A. P., Tirolo, Cataldo +14 more·2022·Advanced Healthcare Materials
DOI 10.1002/adhm.202201203PMC PMC11468249
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful players in cell‐to‐cell communication both in healthy and diseased brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD)—characterized by selective dopaminergic neuron death in ventral midbrain (VMB) and degeneration of their terminals in striatum (STR)—astrocytes exert dual harmful/protective functions, with mechanisms not fully elucidated. Here, this study shows that astrocytes from the VMB‐, STR‐, and VMB/STR‐depleted brains release a population of small EVs in a region‐specific manner. Interestingly, VMB‐astrocytes secreted the highest rate of EVs, which is further exclusively increased in response to CCL3, a chemokine that promotes robust dopaminergic neuroprotection in different PD models. The neuroprotective potential of nigrostriatal astrocyte‐EVs is investigated in differentiated versus undifferentiated SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. EVs from both VMB‐ and STR‐astrocytes counteract H 2 O 2 ‐induced caspase‐3 activation specifically in differentiated cells, with EVs from CCL3‐treated astrocytes showing a higher protective effect. High resolution respirometry further reveals that nigrostriatal astrocyte‐EVs rescue neuronal mitochondrial complex I function impaired by the neurotoxin MPP + . Notably, only EVs from VMB‐astrocyte fully restore ATP production, again specifically in differentiated SH‐SY5Y. These results highlight a regional diversity in the nigrostriatal system for the secretion and activities of astrocyte‐EVs, with neuroprotective implications for PD.

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  • The presence of EV markers, mitochondrial, Golgi, and ER components within varicosities indicates potential roles in cellular communication, metabolic stress management, and intercellular signaling under pathological or inflammatory conditions.

    “indicating potential roles in cellular communication, metabolic stress management, and intercellular signaling under pathological or inflammatory conditions, as previously reported for reactive astrocytes (26, 42, 43).”

    From Varicose projection astrocytes: Conserved reactive cells in brain pathology (2026) · cites this paper as [43]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Leggio, L., L'Episcopo, F., Magrì, A., Ulloa‐Navas, M. J., Paternò, G., Vivarelli, S., Bastos, C. A. P., Tirolo, C., Testa, N., Caniglia, S., Risiglione, P., Pappalardo, F., Serra, A., García‐Tárraga, P., Faria, N., Powell, J. J., Peruzzotti‐Jametti, L., Pluchino, S., García‐Verdugo, J. M., Messina, A., Marchetti, B., & Iraci, N.
Affiliations
  • University of Catania (IT)
  • Oasi Research Institute‐IRCCS Troina 94018 Italy
  • Laboratory of Compared Neurobiology University of Valencia‐CIBERNED Paterna 46980 Spain
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • Luminex B.V. ‘s‐Hertogenbosch 5115 MV The Netherlands
  • Universitat de València (ES)
Corresponding author
  • Marchetti, Bianca
  • Iraci, Nunzio
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Healthcare Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-08-15
Volume
11
Issue
20
Pages
e2201203-e2201203
ISSN
  • 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
  • 2192-2659
DOI
10.1002/adhm.202201203
PMC
PMC11468249
OpenAlex
W4286002205
Cited by
54
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 1
FWCI
3.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PCI2018-093062)
  • Ministero della Salute
  • Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (linea 1., PONa3_00136, PRIN 2015, AIM1833071)
  • Università di Catania (PONa3_00136, AIM1833071)
  • Fondazione CON IL SUD
  • Medical Research Council (MR/R005699/1)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, extracellular vesicles, astrocytes, nigrostriatal pathway, dopaminergic neuron death, neuroprotection, mitochondrial complex I, MPP+ neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, caspase-3 activation, SH-SY5Y cells, ventral midbrain, striatum, ATP production
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, Adenosine Triphosphate, Astrocytes, Dopamine, Humans, Mitochondria, Neuroblastoma, Neurotoxins, Parkinson Disease, Cell Death, Caspase 3, Dopaminergic Neurons

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