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Environmental stress and psychiatric illness
Abstract
It has long been recognized that environmental stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. The relationship is complex and the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the contribution of stressful experiences to the manifestation of illness are not well understood. In considering this relationship, it is important to differentiate between the role of environmental stressors as vulnerability factors that predispose the individual to psychiatric illness and may be temporally distant from its clinical onset, and their role as direct precipitants of the illness. Furthermore, environmental stressors must be considered in the context of constitutional vulnerability factors, such as genetic predisposition, with which such stressors may interact. Genetic predisposition may influence not only vulnerability to illness but also the nature of the individual's response to stress and the likelihood of exposure to stressful events. In this paper, we focus on two areas that illustrate the complexity of the field and the important findings that have emerged--the role of early parental loss (EPL) in adult psychopathology, particularly major depression, and the relationship between recent significant life events and depressive episodes. We conclude with a preliminary conceptual framework for considering the relationship between genetic susceptibility and environmental stress in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illness.
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“Family stability in the first 5 years of life may play a role in subsequent development of depression.33”
From A structured approach to hypotheses involving continuous exposures over the life course (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Agid, O., Kohn, Y., & Lerer, B.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Agid, O.
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 135-141
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2157974953
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- environmental stress, mental illness, major depressive disorder, major life events, genetic susceptibility, vulnerability factors, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Environment, Humans, Stress, Psychological
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