Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats
Abstract
Rat pups 2-14 days of age were exposed daily to handling (15 min of separation from mother and home cage), maternal separation (MS; 180 min of comparable separation), or were left entirely undisturbed (non-handled; NH). As adults, MS rats showed increased hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA levels compared with NH rats, while CRF mRNA levels in H rats were significantly lower than either MS or NH animals. Hypothalamic CRF content under basal conditions followed exactly the same pattern. A 20-min period of restraint stress produced significant CRF depletion in all groups, although the percentage of depletion was significantly lower in H animals compared with either MS or NH animals. Restraint stress produced significantly higher increases in plasma corticosterone in MS and NH animals than in H animals. These data reflect the importance of early environmental factors in regulating the development of the hypothalamic CRF system and the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress.
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Repeated and prolonged maternal separation in rodent pups results in exaggerated sympathetic nervous system and HPA-axis responses to stress during adolescence and adulthood.
“Repeated and prolonged maternal separation in rodent pups results in exaggerated SNS and HPA-axis responses to stress during adolescence and adulthood (Kalinichev et al., 2002; Plotsky and Meaney, 1993).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Plotsky and Meaney, 1993
Environmental conditions that increased the frequency of pup LG in the rat are associated with decreased paraventricular CRF expression.
“Environmental conditions that increased the frequency of pup LG in the rat are associated with decreased paraventricular CRF expression.66,110-113”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [111]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Meaney, Michael J.
- ORCID
- Meaney, Michael J.
- Venue
- Molecular Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-200
- ISSN
- 0169-328X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984427714
- Cited by
- 1,638
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh045216-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH45216)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, hypothalamus, maternal separation, early life stress, handling, restraint stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticosterone, median eminence, stress responsiveness, developmental programming
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Aging, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Handling, Psychological, Hypothalamus, Maternal Behavior, Median Eminence, Reference Values, Restraint, Physical, RNA, Messenger, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Blotting, Northern, Rats
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