The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
DIFFERENT ROLES FOR ANDROGENS AND ESTROGENS IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Abstract
It is now documented that androgens and estrogens modulate susceptibility and progression to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. At any concentration, androgens seem to be primarily suppressive on cellular and humoral immunity, whereas at physiologic concentrations, estrogens seem to enhance humoral immunity. Further research should focus on the different and frequently opposite effects exerted by physiologic and pharmacologic doses of estrogens (dose-related effects). In addition to the influence of endogenous estrogen fluctuations (i.e., during pregnancy, postpartum, menstrual periods, menopause), estrogen replacement therapy, and the use of oral contraceptives, the susceptibility to autoimmunity might be increased by the environmental estrogens (xenobiotics). Further studies must be directed to the inflammatory mediators (i.e., cytokines) that seem to alter the peripheral metabolism of sex hormones and complicate the effects of sex hormones on susceptibility to autoimmunity. Finally, genetic factors might further interfere with the roles of androgens and estrogens in selected individuals.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The reduced frequency of autoimmune disease in men compared with women has been attributed to the antiinflammatory effect of androgens compared with oestrogens.32”
From Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with angina improves ischaemic threshold and quality of life (2004) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density.
Simonet, W. S., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Kelley, M., Chang, M.-S., Lüthy, R., Nguyen, H. Q., Wooden, S., Bennett, L., Boone, T., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80209-3 · Cited by 5,130
Yasuda, H., Shima, N., Nakagawa, N., Yamaguchi, K., Kinosaki, M., Mochizuki, S.-I., Tomoyasu, A., Yano, K., Goto, M., Murakami, A., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3597 · Cited by 4,224
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation
Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505183322008 · Cited by 2,579
Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses.
BESEDOVSKY, H. O., & REY, A. D. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-1-64 · Cited by 1,564
The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease
Papanicolaou, D. A., Wilder, R. L., Manolagas, S. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00009 · Cited by 1,146
Self-citationChrousos, G. P., Torpy, D. J., & Gold, P. W. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00012 · Cited by 711
Hofbauer, L. C., Khosla, S., Dunstan, C. R., Lacey, D. L., Spelsberg, T. C., & Riggs, B. L. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.9.7131 · Cited by 692
Girasole, G., Jilka, R. L., Passeri, G., Boswell, S. H., Boder, G. B., Williams, D. C., & Manolagas, S. C. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115668 · Cited by 677
Gonadal Steroids and Immunity*
Olsen, N. J., & Kovacs, W. J. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-4-369 · Cited by 659
Neuroendocrine-Immune System Interactions and Autoimmunity
Wilder, R. L. (1995) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001515 · Cited by 457
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Olsen, 1996, Gonadal steroids and autoimmunity, Endocr Rev, 17, 369
- Takayanagi, 2000, Involvement of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor in osteoclastogenesis from synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 2, 259, 10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<259::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-W · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The complex role of estrogens in inflammation
Straub, R. H. (2007) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0001 · Cited by 1,950
Malkin, C. J., Pugh, P. J., Jones, R. D., Kapoor, D., Channer, K. S., & Jones, T. H. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031069 · Cited by 731
TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report
Sullivan, D. A., Rocha, E. M., Aragona, P., Clayton, J. A., Ding, J., Golebiowski, B., Hampel, U., McDermott, A. M., Schaumberg, D. A., Srinivasan, S., et al. (2017) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.001 · Cited by 472
High prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Janßen, O., Mehlmauer, N., Hahn, S., Offner, A., & Gärtner, R. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500363 · Cited by 322
Malkin, C. J., Pugh, P. J., Morris, P. D., Kerry, K. E., Jones, R. D., Jones, T. H., & Channer, K. S. (2004) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2003.021121 · Cited by 250
Metadata
- Authors
- Cutolo, M., & Wilder, R. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Genoa (IT)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Cutolo, Maurizio
- Venue
- Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 825-839
- ISSN
- 0889-857X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996899099
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Keywords
- androgens, estrogen, sex hormones, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, disease susceptibility, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, estrogen replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, xenoestrogens, xenobiotics, cytokines, sex steroid metabolism, genetic factors, pregnancy, menopause
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Male, Rheumatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
