The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Immune function during space flight
Abstract
It is very likely that the human immune system will be altered in astronauts exposed to the conditions of long-term space flight: isolation, containment, microgravity, radiation, microbial contamination, sleep disruption, and insufficient nutrition. In human and animal subjects flown in space, there is evidence of immune compromise, reactivation of latent virus infection, and possible development of a premalignant or malignant condition. Moreover, in ground-based space flight model investigations, there is evidence of immune compromise and reactivation of latent virus infection. All of these observations in space flight itself or in ground-based models of space flight have a strong resonance in a wealth of human pathologic conditions involving the immune system where reactivated virus infections and cancer appear as natural consequences. The clinical conditions of Epstein-Barr-driven lymphomas in transplant patients and Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with autoimmune deficiency virus come easily to mind in trying to identify these conditions. With these thoughts in mind, it is highly appropriate, indeed imperative, that careful investigations of human immunity, infection, and cancer be made by space flight researchers.
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“The consistent effects on the immune system observed during space travel, thus far, are a reduction in peripheral T-cell counts; a decrease in NK cell number and functionality [12], [13]; decreases, sometimes severe, in cell-mediated immunity with altered cytokine production [13], [14]; and normal levels of serum immunoglobulins [13].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The consistent effects on the immune system observed during space travel, thus far, are a reduction in peripheral T-cell counts; a decrease in NK cell number and functionality [12], [13]; decreases, sometimes severe, in cell-mediated immunity with altered cytokine production [13], [14]; and normal levels of serum immunoglobulins [13].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sonnenfeld, G., & Shearer, W. T.
- Affiliations
- Morehouse School of Medicine (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Shearer, William T
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 899-903
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131738221
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- spaceflight, immune function, microgravity, immune compromise, latent virus reactivation, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma, cancer risk, radiation exposure, microbial contamination, sleep disruption, isolation
- MeSH terms
- Aerospace Medicine, Animals, Humans, Immune System, Neoplasms, Space Flight, Stress, Physiological, Virus Activation, Weightlessness
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