Cited by 155Spaceflight effects on biologyImmunotoxicology and immune responsesStress Responses and Cortisol

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Immune function during space flight

Sonnenfeld, Gerald, Shearer, William T·2002·Nutrition

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Abstract

It is very likely that the human immune system will be altered in astronauts exposed to the conditions of long-term space flight: isolation, containment, microgravity, radiation, microbial contamination, sleep disruption, and insufficient nutrition. In human and animal subjects flown in space, there is evidence of immune compromise, reactivation of latent virus infection, and possible development of a premalignant or malignant condition. Moreover, in ground-based space flight model investigations, there is evidence of immune compromise and reactivation of latent virus infection. All of these observations in space flight itself or in ground-based models of space flight have a strong resonance in a wealth of human pathologic conditions involving the immune system where reactivated virus infections and cancer appear as natural consequences. The clinical conditions of Epstein-Barr-driven lymphomas in transplant patients and Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with autoimmune deficiency virus come easily to mind in trying to identify these conditions. With these thoughts in mind, it is highly appropriate, indeed imperative, that careful investigations of human immunity, infection, and cancer be made by space flight researchers.

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Authors: Sonnenfeld, G., & Shearer, W. T.
Affiliations: Morehouse School of Medicine (US)
Baylor College of Medicine (US)
ORCID: Shearer, William T
Venue: Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-10
Volume: 18
Issue: 10
Pages: 899-903
ISSN: 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00903-6
OpenAlex: W2131738221
Cited by: 155
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 0.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: spaceflight, immune function, microgravity, immune compromise, latent virus reactivation, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma, cancer risk, radiation exposure, microbial contamination, sleep disruption, isolation
MeSH terms: Aerospace Medicine, Animals, Humans, Immune System, Neoplasms, Space Flight, Stress, Physiological, Virus Activation, Weightlessness

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