Cited by 127Historical Psychiatry and Medical PracticesMental Health and PsychiatryBipolar Disorder and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia

Angst, Jules·2002·Schizophrenia Research

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The history of psychiatric classification is highly complex and this presentation must be restricted to a simplified overview. Guislain [Guislain, J., 1833. Traité des phrénopathies ou doctrine nouvelle des maladies mentales. Etablissement Encyclopédique, Brussels] and Zeller [Beil. Med. Corresp.-Bl. Würtemb. Arztl. Ver. 7 (1837) 321] established a unitarian concept of psychiatric disorder, permutations of which have survived until the present day. Kraepelin's [Kraepelin, E., 1899. Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Arzte (6th edn.). Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig] dichotomy between "manic-depressive insanity" and dementia praecox was built mainly on Kahlbaum's [Kahlbaum, K., 1863. Die Gruppirung der Psychischen Krankheiten und die Eintheilung der Seelenstörungen. AW Kafemann, Danzig] classification, which took clinical symptoms, course and outcome into account. Kraepelin's well-accepted approach sought to provide a basis for diagnosis, prognosis, choice of treatment and causal research. Kraepelin's dichotomy came to be questioned on several grounds: (1) doubts about his unification of bipolar disorder [Gaz. Hôp. 24 (1851) 18] with melancholia, (2) doubts about the significance of Kraepelin's diagnostic groups for causal research [Z. Gesamte Neurol. Psychiatr. 12 (1912) 540], illustrated best by the work of Bonhoeffer [Bonhoefferm, K., 1912. Die symptomatischen Psychosen im Gefolge akuter Infektionen, Allgemeinerkrankungen und innerer Krankheiten. In: Aschaffenburg, G. (Ed.), Handbuch der Psychiatrie, 3. Abt., 1. Hälfte. Deuticke, Leipzig Wien], (3) the complex psychopathological descriptions and classifications of numerous subgroups of psychoses by Kleist [Monatsschr. Psychiatr. Neurol. 125 (1953) 526] and Leonhard [Leonhard, K., 1968. Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen (4th edn.). Akademie Verlag, Berlin] and (4) description of the psychoses between affective and schizophrenic disorders (intermediate psychoses, mixed psychoses, schizo-affective psychoses) beginning with Kehrer and Kretschmer [Kehrer, F., Kretschmer, E., 1924. Die Veranlagung zu seelischen Störungen. (Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie 40) Springer, Berlin] and persisting up to the modern findings of a continuum between the two major groups of psychiatric disorders. Kraepelin's simplification has so far been more successful than the Kleist-Leonhard approach, but the modern and more descriptive trend in psychiatric classification favours the syndromal concept of Hoche and the concepts of continua between affective and schizophrenic disorders and between normal and pathological behaviour.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00328-6

Cites

75 of 75 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Negative v Positive Schizophrenia
Andreasen, N. C. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006 · Cited by 2,008
A Family Study of Schizoaffective, Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Unipolar, and Normal Control Probands
Gershon, E. S. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290100031006 · Cited by 987
Manic Depressive Illness.
(1970) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-72-6-971_2 · Cited by 708
Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte
Kraepelin, E. (1939) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1939.02800520075036 · Cited by 686
The Early Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Chapman, J. (1966) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.112.484.225 · Cited by 675
THE ACUTE SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSES
KASANIN, J. (1933) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.90.1.97 · Cited by 524
Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen
Leonhard, K. (1957) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783112765913 · Cited by 500
Zur Ätiologie und Nosologie endogener depressiver psychosen
Angst, J. (1966) · Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-88741-3 · Cited by 385
Self-citation
Continuity and Discontinuity of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
Maier, W. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230041004 · Cited by 384
Die erscheinungsformen des Irreseins
Kraepelin, E. (1920) · Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/bf02887354 · Cited by 344

Show all 81 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

Bumke, 1909, Über die Umgrenzung manisch-depressiven Irreseins, Zentralbl. Nervenheilkd. Psychiatr, N.F., 20, 381
Falret, 1851, Marche de la folie, Gaz. Hôp., 24, 18
Flemming, 1844, Über Classification der Seelenstörungen nebst einem neuen Versuche derselben mit besonderer Rücksicht auf gerichtliche Psychologie, Allg. Z. Psychiatr., 1, 97
Haustgen, 1993, Jean-Pierre Falret ou les débuts de la clinique psychiatrique moderne, Synapse, 95
Heimann, 1986, Spezifität und Unspezifität bei psychischen Erkrankungen, Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Neurochir. Psychiatr., 137, 67
Huber, 1966, Reine Defektsyndrome und Basisstadien endogener Psychosen, Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr., 34, 409
Kahlbaum, 1882, Über cyklisches Irresein, Irrenfreund, 24, 145
Kick, 1981, Die Dichotomie der idiopathischen Psychosen im Syndromprofil-vergleich der Kraepelinschen Krankheitsbeschreibungen, Nervenarzt, 52, 522
Kraepelin, 1897, Ziele und Wege der klinischen Psychiatrie (3. Sitzung, 19.9.1996), Allg. Z. Psychiatr., 53, 840
Perris, 1966, A study of bipolar (manic–depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses, Acta Psychiatr. Scand.,, 194, 1
Rennert, 1965, Die Universalgenese der endogenen Psychosen. Ein Beitrag zum Problem “Einheitspsychose”, Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr., 33, 251
Smith, 1925, Atypical psychoses and heterologous hereditary taints, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 62, 1
Zeller, 1837, Bericht über die Wirksamkeit der Heilanstalt Winnenthal von ihrer Eröffnung den 1. März 1834 bis zum 28. February 1837, Beil. Med. Corresp.-Bl. Würtemb. Ärztl. Ver., 7, 321
Zendig, 1909, Beiträge zur Differentialdiagnose des manisch-depressiven Irreseins und der Dementia praecox, Allg. Z. Psychiatr., 66, 932

Sorted by citations

Excess early mortality in schizophrenia.
Laursen, T. M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657 · Cited by 913
Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia
Laursen, T. M., Munk-Olsen, T., & Vestergaard, M. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32835035ca · Cited by 518
Decreased antioxidant enzymes and membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenic and bipolar mood disorder patients
Ranjekar, P. K., Hinge, A. S., Hegde, M. V., Ghate, M. R., Kale, A. A., Sitasawad, S. L., Wagh, U. V., Debsikdar, V. B., & Mahadik, S. P. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00220-8 · Cited by 398
Systematic reviews of categorical versus continuum models in psychosis: evidence for discontinuous subpopulations underlying a psychometric continuum. Implications for DSM-V, DSM-VI, and DSM-VII
Linscott, R. J., & van Os, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153506 · Cited by 324
Life expectancy and death by diseases of the circulatory system in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in the Nordic countries.
Laursen, T. M., Wahlbeck, K., Hällgren, J., Westman, J., Ösby, U., Alinaghizadeh, H., Gissler, M., & Nordentoft, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067133 · Cited by 313
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in a representative sample of depressed inpatients – Findings from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) project
Hennings, J. M., Owashi, T., Binder, E. B., Horstmann, S., Menke, A., Kloiber, S. M., Dose, T., Wollweber, B., Spieler, D., Messer, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.05.002 · Cited by 197
The epidemiology of bipolar disorder: sociodemographic, disability and service utilization data from the Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders
Morgan, V. A., Mitchell, P. B., & Jablensky, A. V. (2005) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00229.x · Cited by 129
Reproductive patterns in psychotic patients
Laursen, T. M., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.018 · Cited by 111
Towards a multifactorial approach for prediction of bipolar disorder in at risk populations
Brietzke, E. M., Mansur, R. B., Soczynska, J. K., Kapczinski, F. P., Bressan, R. A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.02.016 · Cited by 103
Systematic of psychiatric disorders between categorical and dimensional approaches
Möller, H. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-008-2004-3 · Cited by 97
Carving Chaos: Genetics and the Classification of Mood and Psychotic Syndromes
Potash, J. B. (2006) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220600655780 · Cited by 96
3D morphometrics of craniofacial dysmorphology reveals sex-specific asymmetries in schizophrenia
Hennessy, R. J., Lane, A., Kinsella, A., Larkin, C., O’Callaghan, E., & Waddington, J. L. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.003 · Cited by 73
Circadian rest–activity rhythm in individuals at risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder
de Castro, J. P. M. V., Zanini, M. A., Gonçalves, B. D. S. B., Coelho, F. M. S., Bressan, R. A., Bittencourt, L., Gadelha, A., Brietzke, E. M., & Tufik, S. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.024 · Cited by 74
Occurrence and treatment of depressive comorbidity/cosyndromality in schizophrenic psychoses: conceptual and treatment issues
Möller, H. (2005) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970500316674 · Cited by 69
Polygenic Risk and Progression to Bipolar or Psychotic Disorders Among Individuals Diagnosed With Unipolar Depression in Early Life
Musliner, K. L., Krebs, M. D., Albiñana, C., Vilhjálmsson, B. J., Agerbo, E., Zandi, P. P., HOUGAARD, D. M., Nordentoft, M., Børglum, A. D., Werge, T. M., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19111195 · Cited by 63
Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Dragioti, E., Antonis, T., Wikilund, T., Atmatzidis, X., Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L. G., Hristova, T., et al. (2019) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyz053 · Cited by 54
Development of DSM‐V and ICD‐11: Tendencies and potential of new classifications in psychiatry at the current state of knowledge
Möller, H. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.02020.x · Cited by 55
Impairments of working memory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: the effect of history of psychotic symptoms and different aspects of cognitive task demands
Frydecka, D., Eissa, A. M., Hewedi, D. H., Ali, M. A., DrapaÅ‚a, J., Misiak, B., KÅ‚osiÅ„ska, E., Phillips, J. R., & Moustafa, A. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00416 · Cited by 55
Brain change trajectories that differentiate the major psychoses
Liberg, B., Rahm, C., Panayiotou, A., & Pantelis, C. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12641 · Cited by 46
Historical Underpinnings of Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
Mason, B. L., Brown, E. S., & Croarkin, P. E. (2016) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs6030014 · Cited by 46
Evidence of genetic overlap of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Linkage disequilibrium analysis of chromosome 18 in the Costa Rican population
Walss‐Bass, C., Escamilla, M., Raventós, H., Montero, A. P., Armas, R., Dassori, A. M., Contreras, S. A., Liu, W., Medina, R., Balderas, T. G., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30207 · Cited by 46
Kraepelin's `lost biological psychiatry'? Autointoxication, organotherapy and surgery for dementia praecox
Noll, R. (2007) · History of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0957154x07078705 · Cited by 44
The role of sex on stability and change of depression symptom subtypes over 20 years: a latent transition analysis
Rodgers, S., Ajdacic‐Gross, V., Müller, M., Hengartner, M. P., Holtforth, M. G., Angst, J., & Wulf Rössler, A. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0475-3 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Association analyses of the neuregulin 1 gene with schizophrenia and manic psychosis in a Hispanic population
Walss‐Bass, C., Raventós, H., Montero, A. P., Armas, R., Dassori, A. M., Contreras, S., Liu, W., Medina, R., Levinson, D. F., Pereira, M. A. C., et al. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00631.x · Cited by 40
The impact of subclinical psychosis on the transition from subclinicial mania to bipolar disorder
Kaymaz, N., van Os, J., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Nolen, W. A., & Krabbendam, L. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.028 · Cited by 39
Are major depression and bipolar disorder neuropsychologically distinct? A meta-analysis of comparative studies
Samamé, C., Szmulewicz, A., Valerio, M. P., Martino, D. J., & Strejilevich, S. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.06.002 · Cited by 33
Social Mendelism
Teicher, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108583190 · Cited by 46
Polygenic risk scores across the extended psychosis spectrum
Smigielski, L., Papiol, S., Theodoridou, A., Heekeren, K., Gerstenberg, M., Wotruba, D., Buechler, R., Hoffmann, P., Herms, S., Adorjan, K., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01720-0 · Cited by 34
From dysthymia to treatment-resistant depression: evolution of a psychopathological construct
Ventriglio, A., Bhugra, D., Sampogna, G., Luciano, M., Berardis, D. D., Sani, G., & Fiorillo, A. (2020) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2020.1765517 · Cited by 29
Continuity and cascade in offspring of bipolar parents: A longitudinal study of externalizing, internalizing, and thought problems
Klimes‐Dougan, B., Long, J. D., Lee, C. S., Ronsaville, D. S., Gold, P. W., & Martinez, P. E. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000507 · Cited by 29
Functional neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: Examining the wide clinical spectrum in the search for disease endophenotypes
Pan, L. A., Keener, M. T., Hassel, S., & Phillips, M. L. (2009) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260902962164 · Cited by 29
Psychoses délirantes aiguës
Weibel, H., & Metzger, J.-Y. (2004) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Psychiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.emcps.2004.07.002 · Cited by 27
The forthcoming revision of the diagnostic and classificatory system: perspectives based on the European psychiatric tradition
Möller, H. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-008-5004-4 · Cited by 23
"On Cyclic Insanity" by Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, MD: A Translation and Commentary
Baethge, C., Salvatore, P., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2003) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220303958 · Cited by 24
El síndrome de Kraepelin-Bleuler-Schneider y la conciencia moderna: Una aproximación a la historia de la esquizofrenia
Novella Enric, J., & Huertas, R. (2010) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/cl2010v21n3a1 · Cited by 23
Social Mendelism: Genetics and the Politics of Race in Germany, 1900–1948
Teicher, A. (2020) · Cited by 21
Drug Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Möller, H. (2008) · Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses · doi:10.3371/csrp.1.4.4 · Cited by 20
Bipolar disorders and schizophrenia: discrete disorders?
Dines, M., Kes, M., Ailán, D., Cetkovich, M., Born, C., & Grunze, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352250 · Cited by 22
Comparing the prodrome of schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses and affective disorders with and without psychotic features
Schultze‐Lutter, F., SCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Klosterkötter, J., & Ruhrmann, S. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.04.001 · Cited by 19
Helmut Rennert’s Universal Genesis of Endogenous Psychoses: The Historical Concept and Its Significance for Today’s Discussion on Unitary Psychosis
Kumbier, E., & Herpertz, S. C. (2010) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000320348 · Cited by 18
Historical and conceptual aspects of motor disorders in the psychoses
Berríos, G. E., & Marková, I. S. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.008 · Cited by 18
MOOD SYMPTOMS IN STABILIZED PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: A BIPOLAR TYPE WITH PREDOMINANT PSYCHOTIC FEATURES?
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Popović, D., Mosheva, M., Siamouli, M., Moutou, K., Private practice, V., & Gonda, X. (2017) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2017.148 · Cited by 18
The predictive validity of the Leonhardean classification of endogenous psychoses
Pethő, B., Tolna, J., Tusnády, G., Farkas, M., Vízkeleti, G., Vargha, A., & Czobor, P. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0799-y · Cited by 18
“Manifestations of insanity”: Kraepelin’s final views on psychiatric nosology in their historical context
Heckers, S., Engstrom, E. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01232-9 · Cited by 16
Changing Psychiatric Perception of African-Americans With Affective Disorders
Jarvis, G. E. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318275cf43 · Cited by 15
Therapeutic Application of Lithium in Bipolar Disorders: A Brief Review
Kamal, Z. M., Dutta, S., Rahman, S., Etando, A., Hasan, E., Nahar, S. N., Fakuradzi, W. F. S. W. A., Sinha, S., Haque, M., & Ahmad, R. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.29332 · Cited by 16
Shared molecular signature in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia: A systematic review of the reelin signaling pathway
Valderrama-Mantilla, A. I., Martín-Cuevas, C., Gómez-Garrido, A., Morente-Montilla, C., Crespo‐Facorro, B., & García-Cerro, S. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106032 · Cited by 13
“Apples and pears are similar, but still different things.” Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia- discrete disorders or just dimensions ?
Grunze, H., & Cetkovich, M. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.064 · Cited by 12
Diagnostic consistency and interchangeability of schizophrenic disorders and bipolar disorders: A 7‐year follow‐up study
Hung, Y., Yang, S., Kuo, C., & Lin, S. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12629 · Cited by 12
Kraepelin’s views on obsessive neurosis: a comparison with DSM-5 criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Steinberg, H., Carius, D., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2017) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1959 · Cited by 11
Exploring the Hypothesis of a Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Continuum: Biological, Genetic and Pharmacologic Data
de Sousa, T. R., Correia, D. T., & Novais, F. (2021) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527320666210902164235 · Cited by 10
Shared and distinct structural brain alterations and cognitive features in drug-naïve schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Zhang, W., Du, J., Fang, X.-Y., Ni, L.-Y., Zhu, Y., Yan, W., Lu, S., Zhang, R., & Xie, S. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103513 · Cited by 10
Biomarker identification in neurologic diseases: improving diagnostics and therapeutics
Coon, K. D., Dunckley, T. L., & Stephan, D. A. (2004) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.4.3.361 · Cited by 9
Kraepelin’s description of chronic mania: a clinical picture that meets the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia phenotype
Gambogi, L. B., Guimarães, H. C., Daker, M. V., de Souza, L. C., & Caramelli, P. (2016) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20160111 · Cited by 9
Tratamento do transtorno esquizoafetivo
Quarantini, L. D. C., de Sena, E. P., & de Oliveira, I. R. (2005) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832005000700013 · Cited by 8
The theory of symptom complexes, mind and madness
Daker, M. V. (2019) · History of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0957154x19829671 · Cited by 8
A within‐subject consideration of the psychotic spectrum disorder concept in a patient in remission associated with cortical gray matter recovery
Meltzer, H. Y., Sim, M. Y., Anderson, A. W., Cannistraci, C. J., Jayathilake, K., Share, D. B., & Lee, M. J. (2018) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12986 · Cited by 6
Patterns of Thyroid Hormone Prescription in Patients with Bipolar or Schizoaffective Disorder: Findings from the LiSIE Retrospective Cohort Study
Lieber, I., Ott, M., Öhlund, L., Lundqvist, R., Eliasson, M., Sandlund, M., & Werneke, U. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10215062 · Cited by 6
A register based epidemiological description of ris k factors and outcomes for major psychiatric disorder s, focusing on a comparison between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia
Laursen, T. M. (2006) · Cited by 6
Mixed Depression: A Survey on Psychopathological, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Approaches among a Sample of Italian Psychiatrists
Mineo, L., Rodolico, A., Concerto, C., Natale, A., Pennisi, M., Tusconi, M., Aguglia, A., Amerio, A., Serafini, G., Amore, M., et al. (2021) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017902117010331 · Cited by 7
Is the Overlap of Neurobiological and Psychopathological Parameters: Large Enough to Give up the Dichotomic Classification?
Möller, H. (2010) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20100303-07 · Cited by 5
Mortality Rate in Schizophrenia
Nimavat, N. K., Hasan, M. M., Mandala, G., Singh, S., Bhangu, R., & Bibi, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7022-1_18 · Cited by 5
Die Dorpater Zeit von Emil Kraepelin – Hinterließ dieser Aufenthalt Spuren in der russischen und sowjetischen Psychiatrie?
Энгманн, Б., & Steinberg, H. (2017) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-106049 · Cited by 4
Historical Perspective
Fountoulakis, K. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37216-2_1 · Cited by 4
Des troubles psychotiques aux troubles bipolaires
Azorin, J. (2008) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(08)80622-7 · Cited by 4
‘Motility Psychoses’, by Erik Strömgren (1940)
Berríos, G. E., & Schioldann, J. A. (2017) · History of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0957154x17719387 · Cited by 4
Alvorlig sinnslidelse i et historisk perspektiv
Romm, K. L., & Lie, A. K. (2011) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.10.1022 · Cited by 4
Changes in the DSM Diagnostic Concept of Schizophrenia: From 1980 to 2013
Jo, Y. T., & Joo, Y. H. (2021) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2021.60.4.241 · Cited by 3
Perceiving visual negative stimuli in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Meta-analytic evidence of a common altered thalamic-parahippocampal-basal ganglia circuit
Grecucci, A., Orsini, C., Lapomarda, G., Sorella, S., & Messina, I. (2023) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100173 · Cited by 2
Dynamics of Decision-Making: The Issue of Reliability in Diagnosis
Vanheule, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44669-1_2 · Cited by 3
Seeing Beyond Diseases and Disorders: Symptom Complexes as Manifestations of Mental Constituents
Daker, M. V. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00681 · Cited by 3
Psychoses délirantes aiguës
Weibel, H., & Metzger, J. Y. (2005) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Psychiatrie · doi:10.1016/s0246-1072(05)36834-9 · Cited by 3
Are Depression and Bipolar Disorder the Same Illness?
Hirschfeld, R. M. A. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1241 · Cited by 3
Conceptual issues in mood disorder: An update
Motichand, S., & Ram, D. (2020) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_37_15 · Cited by 2
Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Schizophrenia
Miñambres, I., Rubio, M. Á., Nicolau, J., Milad, C., Morales, M. J., Bueno, M., Calañas, A., Carceller‐Sindreu, M., & de Hollanda, A. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16152487 · Cited by 3
Three Distinct Pathways to First Episode Mania and Psychosis: Latent Class Analysis of Antecedent Psychopathology
Ercis, M., Miola, A., Ortiz‐Orendain, J., Pazdernik, V., González-Campos, T., Gardea‐Resendez, M., Gruhlke, P. M., Michel, I. M., Voort, J. L. V., McKean, A. J. S., et al. (2025) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13826 · Cited by 2
Do estigma da psicose maníaco-depressiva ao incentivo ao tratamento do transtorno bipolar: a evolução da abordagem em dois veículos midiáticos nos últimos 40 anos
Montanini, D., & Banzato, C. E. M. (2012) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0047-20852012000200005 · Cited by 2
History of Antipsychotics
Kumbier, E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_387-1 · Cited by 2
Revisiting Rorschach test and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II patterns in Kraepelinian vs. DSM-wise Schizophrenia: How They Differ and What It Means for Diagnosis
Jo, Y. T., Lee, M. J., Lee, J. S., & Joo, Y. H. (2024) · Science Progress · doi:10.1177/00368504241266366 · Cited by 1
Concepts of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in the 1950s and 1960s
Lake, C. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1870-2_9 · Cited by 1
Zur Erinnerung an das Leben und Werk Helmut Rennerts (1920–1994)
Kumbier, E. (2010) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-010-3070-0 · Cited by 1
The Basic Data
Lake, C. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1870-2_2 · Cited by 1
Impairments of Working Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: the Effect of History of Psychotic Symptoms and Different Aspects of Cognitive Task Demands
Hewedi, D. H., Frydecka, D., & Moustafa, A. A. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30475-2 · Cited by 1
Genetic factors in the etiology of bipolar disorder
Walss‐Bass, C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819182-8.00011-9 · Cited by 1
Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926) Established the Kraepelinian Dichotomy and Schizophrenia but Then Reneged
Lake, C. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1870-2_5 · Cited by 1
Sintomas de humor em esquizofrenia : associação com história familiar e personalidade pré-mórbida
Martins, C. D. (2004) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 1
Qu’est-ce que le trouble bipolaire ?
Azorin, J. (2006) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(06)76191-7 · Cited by 1
Genetic factors in the etiology of bipolar disorder
Walss‐Bass, C. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107477278.014 · Cited by 2
An Overview of the Major CNS Disorders
Kelly, J. P. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470682920.ch2
Studies of the affective and developmental domains of psychopathology in psychosis
Kaymaz, N. (2011) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20110622nk
Schizophrénie et maladie maniaco-dépressive : données actuelles sur l’hypothèse unitaire
Lançon, C. (2006) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(06)76258-3
Humor e psicose em esquizofrenia: explorando fronteiras diagnósticas com o Inventário de Critérios Operacionais para Doenças Psicóticas (OPCRIT) e o caso John Nash
Martins, C. D., Gil, A., de Abreu, P. S. B., & Lobato, M. I. R. (2004) · Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul · doi:10.1590/s0101-81082004000200004
The boundaries of schizophrenia: Overlap with bipolar disorders
Buckley, P. F., Gowans, A., Sebastian, C. S., Pathiraja, A., Brimeyer, A., & Stirewalt, E. (2004) · Current Psychosis & Therapeutics Reports · doi:10.1007/s11922-004-0031-8
A History of the Diagnoses of Psychotic Patients Before 1950
Lake, C. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1870-2_3
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Medicina: Ciências Médicas SINTOMAS DE HUMOR EM ESQUIZOFRENIA: ASSOCIAÇÃO COM HISTÓRIA FAMILIAR E PERSONALIDADE PRÉ-MÓRBIDA
Alegre, P. (2004)
Tratamento do transtorno esquizoafetivo Treatment of the Schizoaffective Disorder
Santos, E. (2005)
Object Relations, Reality Testing and Social Withdrawal in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. A cross sectional study of psychological processes and social behavior in persons with psychotic disorders
Hansen, C. F. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Anomalous Self-Experience in Schizophrenia Associations with diagnosis, suicidality and neurocognition
Haug, E. (2012) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
PERFIL DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DA QUETIAPINA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS NO TRATAMENTO DO TRANSTORNO DO HUMOR BIPOLAR
Gonçalves, W. J., & Silva, A. L. (2016) · Psicologia e Saúde em Debate · doi:10.22289/2446-922x.v2n1a3
ESQUIZOFRENIA: A ESTABILIZAÇÃO VIA FARMACOTERAPIA E ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Frighetto, M., & Frighetto, E. M. (2016) · Anuário Pesquisa e Extensão Unoesc Videira

Authors: Angst, J.
Affiliations: University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author: Angst, Jules
ORCID: Angst, Jules
Venue: Schizophrenia Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-13
ISSN: 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00328-6
OpenAlex: W2090250370
Cited by: 127
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 7.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords: manic-depressive insanity
MeSH terms: Bipolar Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks