The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Apathy in schizophrenia: clinical correlates and association with functional outcome
Abstract
Apathy is considered one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but its natural history and relationship to other clinical characteristics have not been systematically studied. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to measure the level of apathy in schizophrenia and its relation to other symptoms and functional outcome. Twenty-eight patients with schizophrenia, and receiving antipsychotic treatment, were assessed with the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). The mean level of apathy of patients with schizophrenia, as rated by the AES, was significantly higher than that of matched healthy control subjects. In the patients, apathy was not significantly correlated with positive symptoms or depressive symptoms. It was significantly correlated with the item "emotional withdrawal" on the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), but was not correlated with the overall negative subscale score. Apathy was more highly associated with functional outcome than were other symptom measures, and it was independently associated with functional outcome above and beyond other negative symptoms. It was not associated with observed interest in playing a video game or performance on a simulated clerical task.
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“The AES has also been validated in psychosis/schizophrenia, and is able to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls [31, 81].”
From Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
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Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Avolition and Occam's Razor
Foussias, G., & Remington, G. (2010) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn094 · Cited by 594
Self-citationGalderisi, S., Rossi, A., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Mucci, A., Bucci, P., Rucci, P., Gibertoni, D., Aguglia, E., Amore, M., et al. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20167 · Cited by 487
“A significant relationship between avolition and poor social outcome has been reported in previous studies (93-95).”
The nosological position of apathy in clinical practice
STARKSTEIN, S. E., & Leentjens, A. F. G. (2008) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.136895 · Cited by 399
“More recently, Kiang et al showed that apathy is not significantly related to either the positive symptoms of schizophrenia or to depressive symptoms, suggesting that apathy is an independent behavioural domain.(47) They also found that apathy was the strongest predictor of poor functional outcome in schizophrenia.”
BackgroundDistinct Subtypes of Apathy Revealed by the Apathy Motivation Index
Ang, Y., Lockwood, P. L., Apps, M. A. J., Muhammed, K., & Masud Husain, B. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169938 · Cited by 256
Foussias, G., Agid, O., Fervaha, G., & Remington, G. J. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.10.017 · Cited by 250
“, 1991) have reaffirmed the presence of motivational deficits in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia populations (Faerden et al., 2009a; Kiang et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kiang, M., Christensen, B. K., Remington, G., & Kapur, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kapur, Shitij
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 79-88
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145232965
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- apathy, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Severity of Illness Index, Social Adjustment, Reproducibility of Results, Mood Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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