Dimensional structure of psychotic symptoms: An item-level analysis of SAPS and SANS symptoms in psychotic disorders
Abstract
The factor structure of psychotic symptoms as assessed by means of the Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms (SAPS and SANS) was examined in a sample of 660 psychotic inpatients. Analyses were conducted at item-level. Principal-component analysis (PCA) was used to extract factors, the OBLIMIN procedure to rotate factors, and the eigen value greater-than-one criterion to determine the number of factors. PCA resulted in 11 interpretable factors explaining 64% of the total variance: poverty of affect/speech, thought disorder/inappropriate affect, bizarre delusions, social dysfunction, other delusions, paranoid delusions, bizarre behavior, nonauditory hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, manic thought disorder, and attention. Many of the factors were significantly intercorrelated. A second-order PCA resulted in four second-order factors, the first three roughly corresponding to the well-known psychosis, disorganization and negative dimensions. It is concluded that the factor structure of psychotic symptoms is more complex than is generally acknowledged, and that the dimensions of psychosis, disorganization and negative represent second-order dimensions. The subscale composition of the SAPS and SANS was not supported.
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Non-affective psychotic diagnoses such as schizophrenia contain multiple independent experiences, including paranoia, grandiosity, and hallucinations.
“The empirical research indicates that non-affective psychotic diagnoses such as schizophrenia actually contain multiple independent experiences, including paranoia, grandiosity, and hallucinations”
From The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as Peralta and Cuesta, 1999
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- Authors
- Peralta, V., & Cuesta, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Virgen del Camino (ES)
- ORCID
- Cuesta, Manuel J
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-26
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128351132
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- psychotic symptoms, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Delusions, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Reproducibility of Results
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