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Cited by 211Medicinal Plants and Bioactive CompoundsPhytochemicals and Medicinal PlantsStress Responses and Cortisol

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Plant adaptogens III. Earlier and more recent aspects and concepts on their mode of action

Panossian, A., Wikman, G., Wagner, H.·1999·Phytomedicine
DOI 10.1016/s0944-7113(99)80023-3
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Abstract

Stimulus-response coupling systems responsible for defence and adaptation of organism to stressors are multi-target and very complicated pharmacological systems, including the neuroendocrine (stress) and immune system. The mode of action of adaptogens is basically associated with the stress-system (neuroendocrine-immune complex) and can be directed on the various targets of the system involved in regulation (activation and inhibition) of stimulus-response coupling. However, clinical studies performed according to the most modern standards are quite limited. On the other hand there is an extensive amount of clinical experience and also established use in self care etc. These aspects are planned to be dealt within a subsequent article which will be devoted to the application in three areas: self care, adjuvants in medicine and curative action in some diseases. At this stage, nevertheless, it seems possible to define some most important "stress-markers" for evaluation of efficiency of adaptogens in experimental and clinical pharmacological studies. They can be both activating (catecholamines, LT-s, cytokines, NO, etc.--"switch on" system--which activates energetic and other resources of the organism), and deactivating (corticosteroids and PGE2-endogenous mediators of cellular communications, which protect cells and whole organism from overreacting to the activating messengers--"switch off" system) stress-messengers. The balance between the activities of the "switch on" and "switch off" systems reflects the well being of the organism. It could be established on different levels of the homeostasis (heterostasis) with different levels of the sensitivity to stressors (Figure 8). The response of stress system--"reactivity" is different at the various levels of heterostasis and depends on adaptation--capacity of the organism (or a cell) to protect itself. In the process of adaptation to stressor's effects the basal levels mediators of switch on (e.g. NO) and switch of (e.g. cortisol) systems are increasing but their balance (the ratio) does not change. In other words, adaptogens increase the capacity of stress system to respond to external signals at the higher level of the equilibrium of activating and deactivating mediators of stress response. Consequently, plant adaptogens can be defined as "smooth" pro-stressors which reduce reactivity of host defense systems and decrease damaging effects of various stressors due to increased basal level of mediators involved in the stress-response. In further studies of adaptogens it seems important to find correlation between adaptogenic activity (a decrease in the "reactivity" of the organism--the basal level of activating and deactivating messengers: ILs, LTB4, NO, PGE2, cortisol, but not their ratio) and their therapeutic efficiency (symptomatic evaluation).

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Anisimov, 1973, Effect of glycosides of Eleuteroccocus senticosis on early embryogenesis of sea-urchin, Izy. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otd. Biol. Nauk, 4, 590
  2. Bezdetko, 1973, Eleutherococcus glycosides effect on nuclear RNA polymerase activity in skeletal muscles and liver after physical strain, J. Voprosy Med. Khimii, 19, 245
  3. Dardymov, 1972, Incorporation of P32 into rat liver RNA under physical exercises and the effect of Eleutherococcus glycosides, Voprosy Med. Khimii, 18, 267
  4. Dardymov, 1965, Mater XXII Nauk. Sesji, Khabarovsk Med. Inst., Khabarovsk
  5. 1998, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Federal Register
  6. Fulder, 1980, The Drug that builds Russians, New Scientists, 21, 83
  7. Helper, 1992, G proteins, TIBS, 17, 383
  8. Kurkin, 1986, The Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Plants of the Genus Rhodiola (A Review), Khim. Farm. Zh., 20, 1231
  9. Lazarev, 1962, Actual problems of the studies of the action of adaptogens, particularly preparations of Eleuterococcus. Symposium on Ginzeng and Eleuterococcus, 7
  10. Leonova, 1979, Effect of Eleutherococcus on Dynamics of Changes in Nucleic Acid and Protein Content in the Brain under the Effect of Ischemia, Vestsi Akad Nauk USSR Ser Biyal., 1, 93
  11. Lupandin, 1989, The role of catecholaminergic synapses in the mechanism of adaptation formation under the action of polyphenolic adaptogens, Sechenov, Physiological J. of USSR, 75, 1082
  12. Lupandin, 1991, General mechanism of adaption of the organism under the effect of polyphenol adaptogens, Advances in Physiological Sciences., 22, 1
  13. Ssaratikov, 1968, Rhodiolozid, ein neues Glykosid aus Rhodiola rosea und seine pharmakologischen Eigenschaften, Pharmazie, 23, 392
  14. Saratikov, 1971, Influence of Pipradrol and Rhodiola preparations on some indices of nucleic, protein and energetic metabolisms in the muscles of rats under the conditions of exhausting exercise, Izv-Sib-Otd-Akad-Nauk-Sssr-Ser-Biol-Med-Nauk., 2, 76
  15. Zapesochnaya, 1983, Glycosides of cinnamyl alcohol from the rhizomes, Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 723

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Metadata

Authors
Panossian, A., Wikman, G., & Wagner, H.
Affiliations
  • Svenska Örtmedicinska Institute (SE)
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Corresponding author
Panossian, A.
ORCID
Panossian, A.
Venue
Phytomedicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-10
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
287-300
ISSN
0944-7113 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0944-7113(99)80023-3
OpenAlex
W2060298073
Cited by
211
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI
0.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Phytomedicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
plant adaptogens, mechanism of action, stress response, neuroendocrine-immune network, stress symptoms, stress reactivity, cortisol, catecholamines, nitric oxide, cytokines, adaptogenic activity, homeostasis, self-care, stress adaptation
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Humans, Plant Extracts

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