Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer of humans
Abstract
Current scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone has declined worldwide over the past 20 years. The trend estimates are markedly dependent on the geographical location and are highly seasonal. Winter trends are much more negative than those for summer and autumn. Projections based on current assumptions of chlorine release suggest that this decline will continue into the next century. On the basis of the decrease in ozone over the mid-latitudes, an increase in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of 4%-9% is expected, depending on the season and geographical location. However, the UVR penetration to the Earth's surface is greatly affected by clouds, aerosols and tropospheric ozone, and current increases, if any, have not been as large as this. Direct evidence for the induction of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) due to UVR has been derived from animal experiments in mice and rats. Numerous epidemiological data confirm that this relationship also holds for human skin. The increase in NMSC incidence in the past two decades is not likely to be due to the decrease in ozone, given the long latency (two to three decades) associated with UVR effects on skin. A knowledge of the action spectrum for NMSC development suggests that a 1% depletion in stratospheric ozone may be expected to increase NMSC, at equilibrium, by about 2.0% The evidence on the role of UVR exposure in the development of malignant melanoma (MM) is less certain. It has been estimated that a 1% reduction in ozone may cause an increase in MM of 0.6%.
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The incidence of infectious skin disease has been shifting due to climate conditions that favor the transmission of microbes, and global skin cancer risk is rising due to ozone layer depletion.
“The incidence of infectious skin disease has been shifting due to climate conditions that favor the transmission of microbes, and global skin cancer risk is rising due to ozone layer depletion [98,99,100,101].”
From The Environmental Determinants of Skin Health: Linking Climate Change, Air Pollution, and the Dermatologic Disease Burden (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Urbach, F.
- Corresponding author
- Urbach, Frederick
- Venue
- Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-7
- ISSN
- 1011-1344 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080752514
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Keywords
- ultraviolet radiation, skin cancer, stratospheric ozone depletion, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, chlorine release, tropospheric ozone, action spectrum
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Forecasting, Humans, Melanoma, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Ozone, Seasons, Skin Neoplasms, Sunlight, Ultraviolet Rays, Incidence, Mice, Rats
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