Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 819

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 159 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Leader-member exchange (LMX) research: A comprehensive review of theory, measurement, and data-analytic practices

Open access
Schriesheim, Chester A., Castro, Stephanie L., Cogliser, Claudia C.·1999·The Leadership Quarterly
DOI 10.1016/s1048-9843(99)80009-5
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Research conducted since the construct of leader-member exchange (LMX) was first investigated in 1972 is reviewed with respect to the theoretical, measurement, and analytic adequacy of LMX studies. It is shown that conceptual definitions of LMX and its subdimensions have evolved over time, often with little reason or rationale given for changes. Likewise, the measures employed to assess LMX have varied widely and have included an almost bewildering array of diverse item content. Finally, LMX research has rarely examined the level of analysis at which its findings hold. All of these shortcomings lead to the conclusion that we may know less than we should about fundamental leader-member exchange processes and that future research must be conducted with greater attention devoted to the key issues outlined in this review.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s1048-9843(99)80009-5

Cites

159 of 159 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 159 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Cashman, 1977, The nature of leadership in the vertical dyad: The team building process, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance
  2. Graen, 1992, Cross-cultural leadership making: Bridging American and Japanese diversity for team advantage, Vol. 4, 415
  3. Haga, 1974, Professionalism and role making in a service organization: A longitudinal investigation, American Sociological Review, 39, 122, 10.2307/2094281 · doi:10.2307/2094281
  4. Schwab, 1980, Construct validity in organizational behavior, Research in Organizational Behavior, 2, 3
  5. Thibodeaux, 1996, Convergence of leader-member exchange and mentoring, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 97
  6. Wakabayashi, 1989, Human resource development of Japanese managers: Leadership and career investment, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 1, 235

Cited by

See all 819

Metadata

Authors
Schriesheim, C. A., Castro, S. L., & Cogliser, C. C.
Venue
The Leadership Quarterly
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
63-113
ISSN
1048-9843 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s1048-9843(99)80009-5
OpenAlex
W2036230632
Cited by
819
References
159
FWCI
28.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Leader-member exchange (LMX) research: A comprehensive review of theory, measurement, and data-analytic practices. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s1048-9843(99)80009-5
The paper
Schriesheim, C. A., Castro, S. L., & Cogliser, C. C. (1999). Leader-member exchange (LMX) research: A comprehensive review of theory, measurement, and data-analytic practices. The Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(99)80009-5

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.