Homeostasis, Stress, Trauma, and Adaptation
Abstract
All experiences change the brain, but not all experiences affect the brain equally. Because the brain is developing and organizing at such an explosive rate in the first years of life, experiences during this period have more potential to influence the brain in positive and negative ways. Traumatic events disrupt homeostasis in multiple areas of the brain that are recruited to respond to the threat. Use-dependent internalization of elements of the traumatic experience can result in the persistence of fear-related neurophysiologic patterns affecting emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social functioning. A neurodevelopmental view of childhood trauma can help future clinical and research efforts to define and use child-specific and developmentally informed models to guide assessment, intervention, education, therapeutics, and policy.
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Childhood abuse and exposure to domestic violence can lead to numerous differences in the structure and physiology of the brain that expectedly would affect multiple human functions and behaviors.
“Thus, childhood abuse and exposure to domestic violence can lead to numerous differences in the structure and physiology of the brain that expectedly would affect multiple human functions and behaviors (Perry and Pollard 1998; Teicher 2000, 2002).”
From The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology (2006) · cites this paper as Perry and Pollard 1998
The fight-or-flight response among children exposed to extreme, traumatic, or repetitive stressors, and the attendant release of endogenous catecholamines and adrenal corticosteroids, are both uncontrollable and invisible.
“Likewise, the fight-or-flight response among children exposed to these types of stressors, and the attendant release of endogenous catecholamines and adrenal corticosteroids are both uncontrollable and invisible (Perry 1998; Teicher 2002; De Bellis 1994, 1997; Scaer 2001).”
From The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology (2006) · cites this paper as Perry 1998
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“…and functional alteration in the neuroendocrine system probably represents the most fundamental consequence of family violence (Anda et al., 2006; Perry & Pollard, 1998; Shonkoff, 2003), research in this respect lags behind investigations concerned with more observable somatic and psychosocial…”
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- Authors
- Perry, B. D., & Pollard, R.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, Bruce D.
- ORCID
- Perry, Bruce D.
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-51
- ISSN
- 1056-4993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W83535177
- Semantic Scholar
- e396e5beb540b81b90e514018cf7085111eb7d6f
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 15.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- childhood trauma, homeostasis, stress, trauma, adaptation, brain development, fear, threat response, emotional and behavioral functioning
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Arousal, Brain, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Defense Mechanisms, Dissociative Disorders, Escape Reaction, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Change Events, Male, Stress, Psychological, Sex Distribution
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