Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Salaffi, F; Leardini, G; Canesi, B; Mannoni, A; Fioravanti, A; Caporali, R; Lapadula, G; Punzi, L

doi:10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00089-x

Cited by 331Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationOsteoarthritis Treatment and MechanismsTotal Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes

Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

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Salaffi, F, Leardini, G, Canesi, B, Mannoni, A, Fioravanti, A, Caporali, R, Lapadula, G, Punzi, L·2003·Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

DOI 10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00089-x

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Abstract

Objective The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis (OA) Index is a tested questionnaire to assess symptoms and physical functional disability in patients with OA of the knee and the hip. We adapted the WOMAC for the Italian language and tested its metric properties in 304 patients with symptomatic OA of the knee.Methods Three hundred and four consecutive patients, attending 29 rheumatologic outpatient clinic in northern, central, and southern Italy, were asked to answer two disease-specific questionnaires (WOMAC and Lequesne algofunctional index) and one generic instrument (Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 Health Survey-MOS SF-36). A sample of 258 patients was readministered the WOMAC 7-10 days after the first visit and the structured interview, which also assessed demographic and other characteristics. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and construct and discriminant validity using Spearman's correlations, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results All WOMAC subscales (pain, stiffness, and physical function) were internally consistent with Cronbach's coefficient alpha of 0.91, 0.81, and 0.84, respectively. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory with ICCs of 0.86, 0.68, and 0.89, respectively. In comparison with the SF-36, the expected correlations were found when comparing items measuring similar constructs, supporting the concepts of convergent construct validity. Very high correlations were also obtained between WOMAC scores and Lequesne OA algofunctional index. WOMAC physical function, but not WOMAC stiffness and pain subscales, was weakly associated with radiological OA severity (P=0.03). Also, WOMAC pain score was inversely correlated (P=0.01) with years of formal education. Examination of discriminant validity showed that the scores on the WOMAC and SF-36 followed hypothesized patterns: the WOMAC discriminated better among subjects with varying severity of knee problems, whereas the SF-36 discriminated better among subjects with varying levels of self-reported health status and comorbidity.Conclusion The Italian version of WOMAC is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating the severity of OA of the knee, with metric properties in agreement with the original, widely used version.

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The Italian translation of the WOMAC showed adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity.
“The Italian translation of the WOMAC showed adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity.25”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy for prevention of chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty. (2026) · cites this paper as [25]

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BackgroundInfluential
Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Haroyan, A., Mukuchyan, V., Mkrtchyan, N., Minasyan, N., Gasparyan, S., Sargsyan, A., Narimanyan, M., & Hovhannisyan, A. (2018) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-017-2062-z · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Knee Injury Outcomes Measures
Wright, R. W. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · doi:10.5435/00124635-200901000-00005 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Measurement Properties of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index: A Systematic Review
Gandek, B. (2014) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22415 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Health-related quality of life in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis: comparison of generic and disease-specific instruments
Salaffi, F., Carotti, M., & Grassi, W. (2004) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-004-0965-9 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Quality of life and functionality after total hip arthroplasty: a long-term follow-up study
Mariconda, M., Galasso, O., Costa, G. G., Recano, P., & Cerbasi, S. (2011) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-222 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“The following patient-oriented instruments were chosen to evaluate the patients: the Italian version of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire [10], the Harris Hip Score (HHS) [11], the Italian version of the Western Ontario and Mac Master University (WOMAC) Questionnaire [12], the Functional Comorbidit…”
Method
Evaluation of the Effect of Neptune Krill Oil on Chronic Inflammation and Arthritic Symptoms
Deutsch, L. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719584 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Patient-Reported Outcomes for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Collins, N. J., & Roos, E. M. (2012) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2012.05.007 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on clinical outcomes, synovial fluid cytokine concentration and signal transduction pathways in knee osteoarthritis. A randomized open label trial
Gallelli, L., Galasso, O., Falcone, D., Southworth, S. R., Greco, M., Ventura, V., Romualdi, P., Corigliano, A., Terracciano, R., Savino, R., et al. (2013) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.026 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Validity, reliability, and comparison of the WOMAC osteoarthritis index and Lequesne algofunctional index in Turkish patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis
Başaran, S., Güzel, R., Şeydaoğlu, G., & Güler‐Uysal, F. (2010) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-010-1398-2 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Persian version of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) to measure functional limitations in patients with foot and ankle disorders
Mazaheri, M., Salavati, M., Negahban, H., Sohani, S. M., Taghizadeh, F., Feizi, A., Karimi, A., & Parnianpour, M. (2010) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2010.03.006 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Psychological factors and their relation to osteoarthritis pain
Wise, B. L., Niu, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, N., Jordan, J. M., Choy, E., & Hunter, D. J. (2010) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.016 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid vs platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis.
Sante, L. D., Villani, C., Santilli, V., Valeo, M., Bologna, E., Imparato, L., Paoloni, M., & Iagnocco, A. (2016) · Medical Ultrasonography · doi:10.11152/mu-874 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The sources of pain in osteoarthritis: a pathophysiological review
Salaffi, F., Ciapetti, A., & Carotti, M. (2014) · Reumatismo · doi:10.4081/reumatismo.2014.766 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Age Although elderly subjects are vulnerable to OA pain, previous studies have not shown any significant difference between subgroups of OA patients stratified by age (<65 vs >65 years) (18, 77), and other researchers have failed to find an association between age and physical function or the presence or severity of p…”
MethodResultInfluential
Effects of balneotherapy and spa therapy on quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Antonelli, M., Donelli, D., & Fioravanti, A. (2018) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-018-4081-6 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) in Persian Speaking Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Makhmalbaf, H., Birjandinejad, A., Keshtan, F. G., Hoseini, H. A., & Mazloumi, S. M. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Spa Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis
Fioravanti, A., Iacoponi, F., Bellisai, B., Cantarini, L., & Galeazzi, M. (2010) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e3181c1eb81 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain Treated With Genicular Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Torkian, P., Golzarian, J., Chalian, M., Clayton, A., Dehgolan, S. R., Tabibian, E., & Talaie, R. (2021) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671211021356 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
One-year follow-up of mud-bath therapy in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, single-blind controlled trial
Fioravanti, A., Bacaro, G., Giannitti, C., Tenti, S., Cheleschi, S., Guidelli, G. M., Pascarelli, N. A., & Galeazzi, M. (2014) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0943-0 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“reliable, valid, and responsive measure of treatment outcomes in patients with OA of the hip or knee (Bellamy et al. 1998; Salaffi et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMethod
Validity and reliability of the Persian versions of WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index and Lequesne Algofunctional Index
Nadrian, H., Moghimi, N., Nadrian, E., Moradzadeh, R., Bahmanpour, K., Iranpour, A., & Bellamy, N. (2012) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-012-1983-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“[34] noted that in comparison with SF-36, good correlations were found when comparing items measuring similar constructs, supporting the concepts of convergent construct validity.”
Result
Efficacy of balneotherapy on pain, function and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Fioravanti, A., Giannitti, C., Bellisai, B., Iacoponi, F., & Galeazzi, M. (2011) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-011-0447-0 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“…0 representing the absence of pain; & The Lequesne Index of severity for knee OA (Lequesne et al. 1987); & The Womac Index for knee OA evaluated patients’ total pain score (W-TPS), total stiffness score (W-TSS) and total physical function score (W-TPFS) (Bellamy et al. 1991; Salaffi et al. 2003).”
Background
Assessment of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients
El‐Barbary, A. M., Khalek, M. A. A., El-Salawy, A. M., & Hazaa, S. (2011) · The Egyptian Rheumatologist · doi:10.1016/j.ejr.2011.07.002 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Measurement properties of the WOMAC LK 3.1 pain scale
Stratford, P. W., Kennedy, D. M., Woodhouse, L. J., & Spadoni, G. F. (2006) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2006.09.005 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Impact of Advanced Age on the Outcomes of Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis
Murphy, B., Dowsey, M. M., & Choong, P. (2018) · JBJS Reviews · doi:10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00077 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The Italian version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale was reliable, valid, and responsive
Cacchio, A., Blasis, E. D., Necozione, S., Rosa, F., Riddle, D. L., di Orio, F., Blasis, D. D., & Santilli, V. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Treatment of Early Hip Osteoarthritis: Ultrasound-Guided Platelet Rich Plasma versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Doria, C., Mosele, G. R., Caggiari, G., Puddu, L., & Ciurlia, E. (2017) · Joints · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1605584 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Blueberries Improve Pain, Gait Performance, and Inflammation in Individuals with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Du, C., Smith, A., Avalos, M. A., South, S. M., Crabtree, K., Wang, W., Kwon, Y., Vijayagopal, P., & Juma, S. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11020290 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Efficacy of Spa Therapy, Mud-Pack Therapy, Balneotherapy, and Mud-Bath Therapy in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis. A Systematic Review
Fraioli, A., Mennuni, G. F., Fontana, M., Nocchi, S., Ceccarelli, F., Perricone, C., & Serio, Á. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/1042576 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Validation of a modified Thai version of the Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index for knee osteoarthritis
Kuptniratsaikul, V., & Rattanachaiyanont, M. (2007) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-007-0560-y · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Spa therapy: can be a valid option for treating knee osteoarthritis?
Tenti, S., Cheleschi, S., Galeazzi, M., & Fioravanti, A. (2014) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0913-6 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“…included patient’s global pain through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities OA index (WOMAC) (Bellamy et al. 1991; Salaffi et al. 2003), Lequesne’s functional index (Lequesne et al. 1987) and patient’s and physician’s assessment of change of disease severity.”
Method
The role of thermal balneotherapy in the treatment of obese patient with knee osteoarthritis
Masiero, S., Vittadini, F., Ferroni, C., Bosco, A., Serra, R., Frigo, A. C., & Frizziero, A. (2017) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-017-1445-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“The analysis of variance for repeated measures showed a significant time-bound for the total WOMAC score and for all its items as Bpain,^ Bstiffness,^ and Bfunction^ between T0 and T2.”
MethodInfluential
Validation of the short-form WOMAC function scale for the evaluation of osteoarthritis of the knee
Yang, K. G. A., Raijmakers, N. J. H., Verbout, A. J., Dhert, W. J. A., & Saris, D. B. F. (2007) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.89b1.17790 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Symptoms and function in patients with articular cartilage lesions in 1,000 knee arthroscopies
Solheim, E., Krokeide, A. M., Melteig, P., Larsen, A., Strand, T., & Brittberg, M. (2014) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-014-3472-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Intravenous neridronate in the treatment of acute painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study
VARENNA, M., Zucchi, F., Failoni, S., Becciolini, A., & Berruto, M. (2015) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kev123 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Circulating levels of adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin after mud-bath therapy in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis
Fioravanti, A., Giannitti, C., Cheleschi, S., Simpatico, A., Pascarelli, N. A., & Galeazzi, M. (2015) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-015-0977-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Acupuncture for Treating Aromatase Inhibitor–Related Arthralgia in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Chien, T.-J., Liu, C.-Y., Chang, Y.-F., Fang, C., & Hsu, C.-H. (2015) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2014.0083 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The use of patient-reported outcomes for assessment of functional improvement is valid and consistent based on results assessed by the BPI-Short Form, 20 the WOMAC, 22 the FACT-G, 23,24 and the Score for the Modiﬁed Assessment and Quantiﬁcation of Chronic Rheumatoid Affections of the Hands.”
The Effect of Modified Tai Chi Exercises on the Physical Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Women With Knee Osteoarthritis
Song, J., Wei, L., Cheng, K. D., Lin, Q., Xia, P., Wang, X., Wang, X., Yang, T., Chen, B., Ding, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.860762 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Quantifying the Pain Experience in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Gandhi, R. A., Tsvetkov, D., Dhotar, H. S., Davey, J. R., & Mahomed, N. N. (2010) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2010/578167 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Excessively Increased Joint‐Line Obliquity After Medial Opening‐Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Is Associated With Inferior Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes: What Is Permissible Joint‐Line Obliquity
Kim, J. S., Lim, J. K., Choi, H. G., Jeong, H. W., Park, S.-B., Shim, S. J., & Lee, Y. S. (2021) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2021.11.004 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
CGRP blockade by galcanezumab was not associated with reductions in signs and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in a randomized clinical trial
Jin, Y., Smith, C. L., Monteith, D., Brown, R., Camporeale, A., McNearney, T. A., Deeg, M. A., Raddad, E., Xiao, N., de la Peña, A., et al. (2018) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.019 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Deep heating therapy via microwave diathermy relieves pain and improves physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
Rabini, A., Piazzini, D. B., Tancredi, G., Foti, C., Milano, G., Ronconi, G., Specchia, A., Ferrara, P. E., Maggi, L., Amabile, E., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Translation and validation of Moroccan Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index in knee osteoarthritis
Faïk, A., Benbouazza, K., Amine, B., Mâaroufi, H., Bahiri, R., Lazrak, N., Aboukal, R., & Hajjaj-Hassouni, N. (2007) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-007-0498-z · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Validation and Cross Cultural Adaptation of the Italian Version of the Harris Hip Score
Dettoni, F., Pellegrino, P., Russa, M. R. L., Bonasia, D. E., Blonna, D., Bruzzone, M., Castoldi, F., & Rossi, R. (2014) · Hip International · doi:10.5301/hipint.5000184 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“The aim of this study was to create a valid and reliable Italian version of the Harris Hip Score.”
Influential
Micro‐fragmented adipose tissue (mFAT) associated with arthroscopic debridement provides functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Ulivi, M., Meroni, V., Viganò, M., Colombini, A., Lombardo, M. D. M., Rossi, N., Orlandini, L. C., Messina, C., Sconfienza, L. M., Peretti, G. M., et al. (2022) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-022-07101-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Italian cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Oxford shoulder score
Murena, L., Vulcano, E., D’Angelo, F., Monti, M. F., & Cherubino, P. (2009) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2009.07.068 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Change in KOOS and WOMAC Scores in a Young Athletic Population With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Antosh, I. J., Svoboda, S. J., Peck, K. Y., Garcia, E. J., & Cameron, K. L. (2018) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546518768753 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
New horizons in osteoarthritis
Oliviero, F., Ramonda, R., & Punzi, L. (2010) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2010.13098 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Invariant Time Course of Priming With and Without Awareness
Vorberg, D., Mattler, U., Heinecke, A., Schmidt, T., & Schwarzbach, J. V. (2004) · Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) · doi:10.4324/9781410610744-21 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the reduced Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Alghadir, A. H., Anwer, S., Iqbal, Z. A., & Alsanawi, H. A. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1055380 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“[31] reported significant correlations between the WOMAC index and the SF36 (pain, physical function and MCS).”
Method
17-Italian Foot Function Index with numerical rating scale: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the original Foot Function Index
Venditto, T., Tognolo, L., Rizzo, R. S., Iannuccelli, C., Sante, L. D., Trevisan, M., Maggiolini, F. R., Santilli, V., & Ioppolo, F. (2014) · The Foot · doi:10.1016/j.foot.2014.09.004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Assessment of physical function following total hip arthroplasty: Inertial sensor based gait analysis is supplementary to patient-reported outcome measures
Bolink, S. A. A. N., Lenguerrand, E., Brunton, L. R., Wylde, V., Gooberman‐Hill, R., Heyligers, I. C., Blom, A. W., & Grimm, B. P. (2015) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.11.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration and Corticosteroid Injection of Baker's Cysts in Knee Osteoarthritis
Sante, L. D., Paoloni, M., Ioppolo, F., Dimaggio, M., Renzo, S. D., & Santilli, V. (2010) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e3181fc7da2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mud‐Bath Therapy in Addition to Usual Care in Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis: An Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial
Ciani, O., Pascarelli, N. A., Giannitti, C., Galeazzi, M., Meregaglia, M., Fattore, G., & Fioravanti, A. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23116 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire in patients with musculoskeletal disorders
Salaffi, F., Stancati, A., & Grassi, W. (2006) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-005-0140-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Measuring functional disability in early rheumatoid arthritis: the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index.
Salaffi, F., Stancati, A., Neri, R., Grassi, W., & Bombardieri, S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Two-year outcomes comparing Embosphere® microspheres versus Imipenem Cilastatin for genicular artery embolization in patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis
Bhatia, S. S., Jalaeian, H., Kumar, J., Acharya, V., Shibuya, M., Bhatia, A. M., & Okuno, Y. (2023) · The Knee · doi:10.1016/j.knee.2022.12.008 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings, radiological grading, psychological distress and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Carotti, M., Salaffi, F., Carlo, M. D., & Giovagnoni, A. (2017) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-017-0799-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Coccetta, C. A., Sale, P., Ferrara, P. E., Specchia, A., Maccauro, G., Ferriero, G., & Ronconi, G. (2018) · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.1097/mrr.0000000000000324 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Radiographic findings of femoroacetabular impingement in capoeira players
Mariconda, M., Cozzolino, A., Pietto, F. D., Ribas, M., Bellotti, V., & Soldati, A. (2014) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-014-2850-7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The WOMAC score [32] was also obtained to assess hip functionality.”
Method
The efficacy and tolerability of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Giordano, N. G., Fioravanti, A., Papakostas, P., Montella, A., Giorgi, G., & Nuti, R. (2009) · Current Therapeutic Research · doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2009.05.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Can balneotherapy modify microRNA expression levels in osteoarthritis? A comparative study in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Giannitti, C., Palma, A. D., Pascarelli, N. A., Cheleschi, S., Giordano, N. G., Galeazzi, M., & Fioravanti, A. (2017) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-017-1420-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The primary efficacy outcomes were the global pain score evaluated by a 0–100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) and the physical function by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) subscore (WTPFS) (Bellamy et al. 1988; Salaffi et al. 2003).”
Method
RETRACTED: How balance task-specific training contributes to improving physical function in older subjects undergoing rehabilitation following hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial
Monticone, M., Ambrosini, E., Brunati, R., Capone, A., Pagliari, G., Secci, C., Zatti, G., & Ferrante, S. (2017) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215517724851 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Retracted
Cognitive behavioural therapy and pain coping skills training for osteoarthritis knee pain management: a systematic review
Ismail, A., Moore, C., Alshishani, N., Yaseen, K. M., & Alshehri, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.29.2228 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Frailty prevalence according to the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe-Frailty Instrument (SHARE-FI) definition, and its variables associated, in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: findings from a cross-sectional study
Salaffi, F., Carlo, M. D., Carotti, M., Farah, S., & Giovagnoni, A. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01667-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Psychological complications in patients with acromegaly: relationships with sex, arthropathy, and quality of life
Cangiano, B., Giusti, E. M., Premoli, C., Soranna, D., Vitale, G., Grottoli, S., Cambria, V., Mantovani, G., Mungari, R., Maffei, P., et al. (2022) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-022-03106-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Each patient was administered three validated questionnaires: the AcroQoL (a quality of life continuous scale) [14–16]; Western Ontario and McMaster universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) [17, 18], composed of three scales evaluating articular pain, stiffness and functionality; and the Arthritis Impact Measurement…”
MethodInfluential
How to measure chronic pain: New concepts
Salaffi, F., Sarzi‐Puttini, P., & Atzeni, F. (2015) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.023 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of Persian version of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index in knee osteoarthritis
Eftekharsadat, B., Niknejad-Hosseyni, S. H., Babaei-Ghazani, A., Toopchizadeh, V., & Sadeghi, H. (2015) · Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.15171/jarcm.2015.027 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Arthropathy in acromegaly: a questionnaire-based estimation of motor disability and its relation with quality of life and work productivity
The Study Group on Motor Disability in Acromegaly of the Italian Society of Endocrinology, Fatti, L. M., Cangiano, B., Vitale, G., Persani, L., Mantovani, L. G., Sala, E., Arosio, M., Maffei, P., Dassie, F., et al. (2019) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-019-00966-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effectiveness of gait retraining interventions in individuals with hip or knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rynne, R., Tong, G. L., Cheung, R. T. H., & Constantinou, M. (2022) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.04.013 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The relationship of radiographic findings with pain, function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Özden, F., Karaman, Ö., Tuğay, N., Kilinç, C. Y., Kılınç, R. M., & Tuğay, B. U. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma · doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2020.04.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Liposomal Bupivacaine in Adductor Canal Blocks Before Total Knee Arthroplasty Leads to Improved Postoperative Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Malige, A., Ng-Pellegrino, A., Kunkle, K., Konopitski, A. P., Brogle, P. J., & Nwachuku, C. O. (2022) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2022.03.073 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for osteoarthritis. A useful tool in the follow-up of patients after joint arthroplasty.
Pisoni, C., Giardini, A., Majani, G., & Maini, M. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Comparison of two different molecular weight intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Gigis, I., Fotiadis, E., Nenopoulos, A., Tsitas, K., & Hatzokos, I. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)
Torre, M., Luzi, I., Mirabella, F., Manso, M. D., Zanoli, G. A., Tucci, G., & Romanini, E. (2018) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0935-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gait Parameters and Functional Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Persona Knee System With Cruciate Retaining and Ultracongruent Knee Inserts
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Authors: Salaffi, F., Leardini, G., Canesi, B., Mannoni, A., Fioravanti, A., Caporali, R., Lapadula, G., & Punzi, L.
Affiliations: Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda (IT)
Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
University of Siena (IT)
University of Pavia (IT)
Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Consorziale - Policlinico Bari (IT)
University of Padua (IT)
Corresponding author: Salaffi, F
ORCID: Salaffi, F
Fioravanti, A
Caporali, R
Lapadula, G
Punzi, L
Venue: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-08
Volume: 11
Issue: 8
Pages: 551-560
ISSN: 1063-4584 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00089-x
OpenAlex: W2087139148
Cited by: 331
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3853 d)
Locations: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Keywords: knee osteoarthritis, questionnaire reliability, construct validity, test-retest reliability, SF-36, Lequesne algofunctional index, pain, stiffness, physical function, radiographic severity, educational attainment, health status, comorbidities, patient-reported outcomes, cross-cultural adaptation, Italy, North America
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Muscle, Skeletal, Osteoarthritis, Knee

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Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

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