The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
β-globin Gene Switching and DNase I Sensitivity of the Endogenous β-globin Locus in Mice Do Not Require the Locus Control Region
Open accessAbstract
We have generated mice with a targeted deletion of the beta-globin locus control region (LCR). Mice homozygous for the deletion die early in embryogenesis but can be rescued with a YAC containing the human beta-globin locus. After germline passage, deletion of the LCR leads to a severe reduction in expression of all mouse beta-like globin genes, but no alteration in the developmental specificity of expression. Furthermore, a DNase I-sensitive "open" chromatin conformation of the locus is established and maintained. Thus, the dominant role of the LCR in the native locus is to confer high-level transcription, and elements elsewhere in the locus are sufficient to establish and maintain an open conformation and to confer developmentally regulated globin gene expression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“previous studies deleting the entire β-globin SE showed that the β-globin genes remain accessible and marked by histone acetylation;55–57”
From Super-enhancers include classical enhancers and facilitators to fully activate gene expression (2023) · cites this paper as [55]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These models were initially applied to the mammalian β-globin locus, in which the developmental β-globin genes are regulated by a powerful tissue-specific enhancer known as a locus control region (LCR) [254–257].”
From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [256]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Position-independent, high-level expression of the human β-globin gene in transgenic mice
Grosveld, F. G., van Assendelft, G. B., Greaves, D. R., & Kollias, G. A. (1987) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90584-8 · Cited by 1,908
The Molecular Basis of Blood Diseases.
(1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-6-950_3 · Cited by 640
The "beta-like-globin" gene domain in human erythroid cells.
Tuan, D., Solomon, W., Li, Q., & London, I. M. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6384 · Cited by 601
Looping versus linking: toward a model for long-distance gene activationPreprint
Bulger, M., & Groudine, M. T. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.19.2465 · Cited by 483
Self-citationTransgenic Knockout Mice with Exclusively Human Sickle Hemoglobin and Sickle Cell Disease
Pászty, C., Brion, C. M., Manci, E., Witkowska, H. E., Stevens, M. E., Mohandas, N., & Rubin, E. M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.876 · Cited by 467
Forrester, W. C., Epner, E. M., Driscoll, M. C., Enver, T., Brice, M. C., Papayannopoulou, T., & Groudine, M. T. (1990) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.4.10.1637 · Cited by 464
Self-citationA developmentally stable chromatin structure in the human beta-globin gene cluster.
Forrester, W. C., Thompson, C. B., Elder, J. T., & Groudine, M. T. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.5.1359 · Cited by 376
Self-citationThe Molecular Basis of Blood Diseases
Baron, J. M. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520170097047 · Cited by 370
Fiering, S., Epner, E. M., Robinson, K. M., Zhuang, Y., Telling, A., Hu, M., Martin, D. I. K., Enver, T., Ley, T. J., & Groudine, M. T. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.18.2203 · Cited by 334
Self-citationArmstrong, J. A., Bieker, J. J., & Emerson, B. M. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81785-7 · Cited by 303
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–224 of 224
Itaya, K., Chayahara, K., Hirai, T., Minbuta, T., Uchikawa, T., Tanaka, T., Masaki, S., Kuroda, K., & Ono, M. (2011) · Genes to Cells · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01486.x · Cited by 2
Genome Domains and Domain Regulatory Elements
Ioudinkova, E. S., & Razin, S. V. (2002) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1023/a:1021644822594 · Cited by 2
Hardison, R. C. (2002) · Wiley Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/0471203076.emm0633 · Cited by 2
Jackson, D. A., & Hiscox, J. (2006) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1
Wang, X., McKillop, W. M., Dlugi, T. A., Faber, M. L., Argote, J. A., Chambers, C. B., Wilber, A. C., & Medin, J. A. (2023) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.3567 · Cited by 1
Fang, X., Peterson, K. R., Li, Q., & Stamatoyannopoulos, G. (2003) · New comprehensive biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0167-7306(03)38024-x · Cited by 1
THE MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND GENETIC BASIS OF HEMOGLOBIN DISORDERS
Steinberg, M. H., Forget, B. G., Higgs, D. R., & Weatherall, D. J. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596582.004 · Cited by 1
Osano, K., Otsuka, A., & Ono, M. (2004) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.27.222 · Cited by 1
Transcription in a Chromatin Environment
Turner, B. M. (2001) · doi:10.1002/9780470750629.ch7 · Cited by 1
Allahyar, A. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.17632/wbk8hk87r2.1 · Cited by 1
Yang, X. (2010) · Mspace (University of Manitoba) · Cited by 1
Recent Advances in Approaches to the Study of Gene Locus Control Regions
Ortiz, B. D. (2014) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07755-0_9
Regulation of Erythroid Gene Expression by the Transcription Factor EKLF
Drissen, R. (2004) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Tissue‐specific Locus Control: Structure and Function
Bonifer, C. (2007) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0005292.pub2
Locus Control Regions ( LCRs )
Bulger, M., & Groudine, M. T. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0005034.pub2
Self-citationThe Structure and Function of Locus Control Region
Kim, A. (2007) · Journal of Life Science · doi:10.5352/jls.2007.17.11.1587
Elucidation of Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Regulation by CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing
Canver, M. C. (2016) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Bulger, M., & Groudine, M. T. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005034
Self-citationTissue‐specific Locus Control: Structure and Function
Bonifer, C. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005292
Rho enhancers play unexpectedly minor roles in Rhodopsin transcription and rod cell integrityPreprint
Sun, C., Ruzycki, P. A., & Chen, S. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518920
Mechanisms of Pol II Recruitment to the Human Beta-Globin Locus Control Region Super-Enhancer
Johnson, B., Gibbons, M., Bushra, F., Fang, Y., & Bungert, J. (2023) · UF Journal of Undergraduate Research · doi:10.32473/ufjur.25.133391
Cherednychenko, M., Gajewska, N. A., & Mitchell, J. A. (2026) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-2025-0375
The molecular mechanism of the aberrant expression of the B-cell specific PAX5 gene in t(8;21) AML
Ray, D. (2013) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Epigenetic Gene Regulation—Lessons from Globin
Dean, A., & Fiering, S. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9187-2_16
Metadata
- Authors
- Bender, M. A., Bulger, M., Close, J., & Groudine, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Groudine, Mark
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 387-393
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982328581
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 9.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P30 HD28834, DK54071, DK44746)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Keywords
- beta-globin locus control region, DNase I sensitivity, open chromatin, globin gene expression, embryonic lethality, developmental gene expression, chromatin conformation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromatin, Deoxyribonuclease I, Globins, Heterozygote, Humans, Mice, Mutant Strains, Thalassemia, Gene Rearrangement, Sequence Deletion, Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Footprinting, Locus Control Region, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
