Cited by 118Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsMenopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsEstrogen and related hormone effects

Is there a connection between estrogen and Parkinson’s disease?

Shulman, Lisa M.·2002·Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that estrogens may protect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal studies show that estrogens influence the synthesis, release, and metabolism of dopamine and can modulate dopamine receptor expression and function. Some clinical studies suggest that PD symptoms may be exacerbated after menopause and delayed or alleviated with hormone replacement therapy, but others have failed to observe positive estrogenic effects. The conflicting findings suggest that several variables, including age, estrogen dose and formulation, and timing and length of dosing period, may determine whether benefits are seen and the nature of these benefits. Further investigation is therefore needed for the relationship between estrogens and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s1353-8020(02)00014-7

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Authors
Shulman, L. M.
Affiliations
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author
Shulman, Lisa M.
Venue
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-06
Volume
8
Issue
5
Pages
289-295
ISSN
1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1979867396
Cited by
118
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords
estrogen, Parkinson's disease
MeSH terms
Estrogens, Female, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Estrogen Replacement Therapy

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