Cited by 173Sex and Gender in HealthcareSexual Differentiation and DisordersGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Sex and Gender Differences in Central Nervous System-Related Disorders

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Zagni, Emanuela, Simoni, Lucia, Colombo, Delia·2016·Neuroscience Journal

Abstract

There are important sex differences in the brain that seem to arise from biology as well as psychosocial influences. Sex differences in several aspects of human behavior and cognition have been reported. Gonadal sex steroids or genes found on sex chromosomes influence sex differences in neuroanatomy, neurochemistry and neuronal structure, and connectivity. There has been some resistance to accept that sex differences in the human brain exist and have biological relevance; however, a few years ago, it has been recommended by the USA National Institute of Mental Health to incorporate sex as a variable in experimental and clinical neurological and psychiatric studies. We here review the clinical literature on sex differences in pain and neurological and psychiatric diseases, with the aim to further stimulate interest in sexual dimorphisms in the brain and brain diseases, possibly encouraging more research in the field of the implications of sex differences for treating these conditions.

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [1]Wizemann T. M. Pardu M. L. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health. Does Sex Matter? 2001 Washington, DC, USA National Academies 25057540
  2. [2]National Institute of Mental Health Sex differences in brain, behavior, mental health and mental disorders Workshop. Bethesda, Md, USA, February 2011, http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/scientific-meetings/2011/sex-differences-in-brain-behavior-mental-health-and-mental-disorders/index.shtml
  3. [148]Miaskowski C. Gear R. W. Levine J. D. Fillingim R. B. Sex-related differences in analgesic responses Sex, Gender, and Pain 2000 Seattle, Wash, USA IASP Press 209 230
  4. [170]Mogil J. S. Fillingim R. B. Interactions between sex and genotype in the mediation and modulation of nociception in rodents Sex, Gender, and Pain (Progress in Pain Research and management) 2000 17 Seattle, Wash, USA IASP Press 25 40

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Authors
Zagni, E., Simoni, L., & Colombo, D.
Affiliations
  • Novartis (Italy) (IT)
  • MediNeos Observational Research, Viale Virgilio 54/U, 41123 Modena, Italy
Corresponding author
Colombo, Delia
Venue
Neuroscience Journal
Published
2016-05-30
Volume
2016
Pages
1-13
ISSN
  • 2314-4262 (ISSN-L)
  • 2314-4270
OpenAlex
W2411714001
Cited by
173
References
175
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 3
FWCI
3.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuroscience Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Keywords
sex differences, sexual dimorphism, central nervous system disorders, sex hormones, sex chromosomes, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, pain, neurological disorders, mental illness

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