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Cited by 1,300Motor Control and AdaptationEmbodied and Extended CognitionAction Observation and Synchronization

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements

Open access
Desmurget, Michel, Grafton, Scott·2000·Trends in Cognitive Sciences
DOI 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01537-0
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Abstract

Delays in sensorimotor loops have led to the proposal that reaching movements are primarily under pre-programmed control and that sensory feedback loops exert an influence only at the very end of a trajectory. The present review challenges this view. Although behavioral data suggest that a motor plan is assembled prior to the onset of movement, more recent studies have indicated that this initial plan does not unfold unaltered, but is updated continuously by internal feedback loops. These loops rely on a forward model that integrates the sensory inflow and motor outflow to evaluate the consequence of the motor commands sent to a limb, such as the arm. In such a model, the probable position and velocity of an effector can be estimated with negligible delays and even predicted in advance, thus making feedback strategies possible for fast reaching movements. The parietal lobe and cerebellum appear to play a crucial role in this process. The ability of the motor system to estimate the future state of the limb might be an evolutionary substrate for mental operations that require an estimate of sequelae in the immediate future.

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 18

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Metadata

Authors
Desmurget, M., & Grafton, S.
Affiliations
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author
Grafton, Scott
ORCID
Grafton, Scott
Venue
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-11
Volume
4
Issue
11
Pages
423-431
ISSN
1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01537-0
OpenAlex
W2084145388
Cited by
1,300
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 51
FWCI
1.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords
forward model, sensorimotor delay, feedback control, reaching movements, motor planning, parietal lobe, cerebellum, motor control, mental time travel

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