The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Re-representing consciousness: dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness
Abstract
A distinction is drawn between non-conscious (unexperienced), conscious (experienced), and meta-conscious (re-represented) mental processes. There is evidence for two types of dissociations between consciousness and meta-consciousness, the latter being defined as the intermittent explicit re-representation of the contents of consciousness. Temporal dissociations occur when an individual, who previously lacked meta-consciousness about the contents of consciousness, directs meta-consciousness towards those contents; for example, catching one's mind wandering during reading. Once meta-consciousness is triggered, translation dissociations can occur if the re-representation process misrepresents the original experience, such as when one verbally reflects on non-verbal experiences or takes stock of subtle or ambiguous experiences.
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In the citing paper
“to report an experience-such as making a decision to act or seeing danger ahead -to another or to oneself, one has to both (a) have the experience and (b) know that one has the experience, which Schooler (2002) called a 're-representation'.”
From On the Plausibility of Idealism: Refuting Criticisms (2017) · cites this paper as Schooler (2002)
In the citing paper
“reportability is an extra function at a metacognitive level, on top of phenomenality proper.”
From On the Plausibility of Idealism: Refuting Criticisms (2017) · cites this paper as Schooler (2002)
In the citing paper
“However, there are also cases in which verbal thinking can impair performance, often involving a mismatch between the representations or types of processing that best support the task and those induced by verbal thinking (Schooler, 2002).”
From Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-of-Thought can Reduce Performance on Tasks where Thinking Makes Humans Worse (2024) · cites this paper as Schooler, 2002
Citations
Cites
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(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-6553 · Cited by 6,001
Book Review: Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data
Venkatesan, M., Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1986) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151491 · Cited by 4,364
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Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,728
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Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.19 · Cited by 2,726
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Wegner, D. M. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.101.1.34 · Cited by 2,609
Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.1.101 · Cited by 2,112
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Schooler, J.W. et al. (in press) Zoning-out during reading: evidence for dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness. In Visual Meta-Cognition: Thinking about Seeing (Levin, D., ed.), Praeger
- Schooler, J.W. et al. (in press) The pursuit and monitoring of happiness can be self-defeating. In Psychology and Economics (Carrillo, J. and Brocas, I., eds), Oxford University Press
- Cicogna, 2001, Consciousness during dreams, Conscious. Cogn., 10, 26, 10.1006/ccog.2000.0471 · DOI
- Tzelgov, 1999, Automatic but conscious: that is how we act most of the time, Am. Psychol., 54, 217
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought
Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131295 · Cited by 2,792
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.946 · Cited by 2,067
Self-citationChristoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900234106 · Cited by 1,769
Self-citationThe Science of Mind Wandering: Empirically Navigating the Stream of Consciousness
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015331 · Cited by 1,685
Self-citationSolving the Emotion Paradox: Categorization and the Experience of Emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2 · Cited by 1,823
Metadata
- Authors
- Schooler, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schooler, Jonathan W.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 339-344
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970099525
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fetzer Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- meta-consciousness, consciousness, re-representation, temporal dissociation, mind wandering, subjective experience, metacognition
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