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Re-representing consciousness: dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness
Abstract
A distinction is drawn between non-conscious (unexperienced), conscious (experienced), and meta-conscious (re-represented) mental processes. There is evidence for two types of dissociations between consciousness and meta-consciousness, the latter being defined as the intermittent explicit re-representation of the contents of consciousness. Temporal dissociations occur when an individual, who previously lacked meta-consciousness about the contents of consciousness, directs meta-consciousness towards those contents; for example, catching one's mind wandering during reading. Once meta-consciousness is triggered, translation dissociations can occur if the re-representation process misrepresents the original experience, such as when one verbally reflects on non-verbal experiences or takes stock of subtle or ambiguous experiences.
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“to report an experience-such as making a decision to act or seeing danger ahead -to another or to oneself, one has to both (a) have the experience and (b) know that one has the experience, which Schooler (2002) called a 're-representation'.”
From On the Plausibility of Idealism: Refuting Criticisms (2017) · cites this paper as Schooler (2002)
In the citing paper
“reportability is an extra function at a metacognitive level, on top of phenomenality proper.”
From On the Plausibility of Idealism: Refuting Criticisms (2017) · cites this paper as Schooler (2002)
In the citing paper
“However, there are also cases in which verbal thinking can impair performance, often involving a mismatch between the representations or types of processing that best support the task and those induced by verbal thinking (Schooler, 2002).”
From Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-of-Thought can Reduce Performance on Tasks where Thinking Makes Humans Worse (2024) · cites this paper as Schooler, 2002
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Schooler, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schooler, Jonathan W.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 339-344
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970099525
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fetzer Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- meta-consciousness, consciousness, re-representation, temporal dissociation, mind wandering, subjective experience, metacognition
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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