Cited by 1,745Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersHead and Neck Cancer StudiesNonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies

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Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial

Seiwert, Tanguy Y, Burtness, Barbara, Mehra, Ranee, Weiss, Jared, Berger, Raanan, Eder, Joseph Paul, Heath, Karl, McClanahan, Terrill, Lunceford, Jared, Gause, Christine, Cheng, Jonathan D, Chow, Laura Q·2016·The Lancet Oncology

DOI 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30066-3

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Abstract

Background Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have few treatment options. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and antitumour activity of pembrolizumab, a humanised anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody, in patients with PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods This study was an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial of patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients were eligible for enrolment if they were aged 18 years or older, had a confirmed diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and had any level of PD-L1 expression (ie, at least 1% of tumour cells or stroma that were PD-L1-positive by immunohistochemistry). Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were safety in the per-protocol population and the proportion of patients with centrally reviewed overall response per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1). Overall response was analysed in the full analysis set, which was defined as all patients who had received at least one dose of pembrolizumab, had measurable disease at baseline, and one post-baseline scan or patients without a post-baseline scan who discontinued therapy because of disease progression or a drug-related adverse event. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT…

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BackgroundInfluential
Landscape of immunogenic tumor antigens in successful immunotherapy of virally induced epithelial cancer
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Neoadjuvant Nivolumab or Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Untreated Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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“Skina (rash, dryness, dermatitis) 3 (20) 0 2 (13) 0”
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Head and Neck Cancers, Version 2.2017.
Adelstein, D., Gillison, M. L., Pfister, D., Spencer, S., Adkins, D., Brizel, D. M., Burtness, B., Busse, P. M., Caudell, J., Cmelak, A., et al. (2017) · The Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2017.0101 · Cited by 340
Self-citation
Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Patients with Estrogen Receptor–Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
Rugo, H. S., Delord, J., Im, S., Ott, P. A., Piha-Paul, S. A., Bedard, P. L., Sachdev, J. C., Tourneau, C. L., van Brummelen, E. M. J., Varga, A., et al. (2018) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3452 · Cited by 381
“The safety profile observed with pembrolizumab in this population is comparable with that reported in other studies (13, 20, 34).”
Result
Phase IB/II Trial of Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Endometrial Cancer, and Other Selected Advanced Solid Tumors
Taylor, M. H., Lee, C., Makker, V., Rasco, D. W., Dutcus, C. E., Wu, J., Stepan, D. E., Shumaker, R. C., & Motzer, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.19.01598 · Cited by 438
“Negative 14 (47) 8 (35) 0 (0) 5 (24) 4 (19) 8 (40) 39 (29)”
Safety and activity of pembrolizumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-012): a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b study
Plimack, E. R., Joaquim Bellmunt, B., Gupta, S., Berger, R., Chow, L. Q. M., Juco, J. W., Lunceford, J. K., Saraf, S., Perini, R. F., & O’Donnell, P. H. (2017) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30007-4 · Cited by 336
Self-citation
Proteogenomic insights into the biology and treatment of HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
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“(Figure 4A), all of which had comparable frequencies in the TCGA HPVneg HNSCCs. CDKN2A was hypermethylated in 13 tumors (12%), and hypermethylation was mutually exclusive with other loss of function alterations (Figures 4A and S4A-B, Table S4).”
BackgroundInfluential
Heterogeneity of the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Immune Landscape and Its Impact on Immunotherapy
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“A follow up report of the longterm effects confirmed a durable response and clinical benefits in these treated patients with a 12-month ORR of higher than 71%, survival rate of 38%, and even antitumor responses in some patients lasting for longer than 30 months (Chow et al., 2016; Seiwert et al., 2016; Mehra et al., 2…”
Background
Safety and Antitumor Activity of the Anti–Programmed Death-1 Antibody Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma
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“On the basis of a six-gene interferon-g gene expression signature analysis of CXCL9, CXCL10, HLA-DRA, IDO1, IFNG, and STAT1, delays in progression and increased clinical response tended to occur among pembrolizumab-treated patients with esophageal carcinoma and higher signature scores, consistent with findings publish…”
ResultSelf-citation
Improving head and neck cancer therapies by immunomodulation of the tumour microenvironment
Ruffin, A. T., Li, H., Vujanovic, L. N., Zandberg, D. P., Ferris, R. L., & Bruno, T. C. (2022) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-022-00531-9 · Cited by 326
“Data are conflicting as to whether HPV positivity is associated with a higher chance of response, with a more consistent increased response observed in HPV-positive than in HPV-negative disease when both groups expressed PDL1 (refs.(159,162)).”
Neurological Complications Associated With Anti–Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) Antibodies
Kao, J. C., Liao, B., Markovic, S. N., Klein, C. J., Naddaf, E., Staff, N. P., Liewluck, T., Hammack, J. E., Sandroni, P., Finnes, H. D., et al. (2017) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1912 · Cited by 317
Time to abandon single-site irradiation for inducing abscopal effects
Brooks, E. D., & Chang, J. Y. (2018) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0119-7 · Cited by 315
Interferon gamma, an important marker of response to immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma patients
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“Not evaluable 2 (9) CD8+ T-cells, n (%)”
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“Biomarkers of response to ICIs PD-L1 expression—As highlighted in KEYNOTE-048, higher levels of PD-L1 expression are associated with an increased likelihood of response to anti-PD1 therapy [16,18].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Safety and Efficacy of Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Patients With PD-L1–Low/Negative Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC
Siu, L. L., Even, C., Mesı́a, R., Remenár, É., Daste, A., Delord, J., Krauß, J., Saba, N. F., Nabell, L. M., Ready, N., et al. (2018) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4628 · Cited by 312
Evaluation of dosing strategy for pembrolizumab for oncology indications
Freshwater, T., Kondic, A. G., Ahamadi, M., Li, C. H., de Greef, R., de Alwis, D. P., & Stone, J. A. (2017) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0242-5 · Cited by 277
Frameshift events predict anti–PD-1/L1 response in head and neck cancer
Hanna, G. J., Lizotte, P. H., Cavanaugh, M. E., Kuo, F. C., Shivdasani, P., Frieden, A., Chau, N. G., Schoenfeld, J. D., Lorch, J. H., Uppaluri, R., et al. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.98811 · Cited by 281
“14%), this has not been observed in all SCCHN trials using PD-1 blockade (2, 4).”
Translational genomics and recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma
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Targeted therapy for head and neck cancer: signaling pathways and clinical studies
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A Phase II Study of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Human Papillomavirus–associated Epithelial Cancers
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“Although targeting HPV oncoproteins with antigen-specific immunotherapy using therapeutic vaccines has thus far been ineffective for metastatic disease, immunotherapy with PD-1–targeted agents has shown clinical activity in cervical (19), anal (10), and oropharyngeal (9, 11, 12, 20) cancer.”
Background
Durvalumab for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Results from a single-arm, phase II study in patients with ≥25% tumour cell PD-L1 expression who have progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy.
Zandberg, D., Algazi, A., Jimeno, A., Good, J., Fayette, J., Bouganim, N., Ready, N., Clement, P., Even, C., Jang, R., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2018.11.015 · Cited by 246
“Similar to our results, patients with HPV-positive tumours had higher ORR and longer OS in KEYNOTE-012, where all patients were PD-L1 positive (TC 1%) [9,11].”
Result
Immune biomarkers of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Oliva, M., Spreafico, A., Taberna, M., Alemany, L., Coburn, B. A., Mesı́a, R., & Siu, L. L. (2018) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy507 · Cited by 265
“This hypothesis was initially supported by the results from the HNSCC cohort of the multibasket phase I KEYNOTE-012 trial in which HPVþ tumors had increased ORR to pembrolizumab compared with those that were HPV (25%–32% versus 14%) [6, 7].”
Result
Cancer proteogenomics: current impact and future prospects
Mani, D. R., Krug, K., Zhang, B., Satpathy, S., Clauser, K. R., Ding, L., Ellis, M., Gillette, M. A., & Carr, S. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-022-00446-5 · Cited by 229
Immune checkpoint pathways in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
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Biomarkers for immunotherapy response in head and neck cancer
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The society for immunotherapy of cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
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Pembrolizumab plus cetuximab in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an open-label, multi-arm, non-randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial
Sacco, A. G., Chen, R., Worden, F. P., Wong, D. J. L., Adkins, D. R., Swiecicki, P. L., Chai‐Ho, W., Oppelt, P., Ghosh, D., Bykowski, J., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00136-4 · Cited by 277
Identification and validation of novel microenvironment-based immune molecular subgroups of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: implications for immunotherapy
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Self-citation
Dynamic versus static biomarkers in cancer immune checkpoint blockade: unravelling complexity
Lesterhuis, W. J., Bosco, A., Millward, M., SMALL, M. P., Nowak, A. K., & Lake, R. (2017) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.233 · Cited by 244
Differential regulation of PD-L1 expression by immune and tumor cells in NSCLC and the response to treatment with atezolizumab (anti–PD-L1)
Kowanetz, M., Zou, W., Gettinger, S. N., Koeppen, H., Kockx, M. M., Schmid, P., Kadel, E. E., Wistuba, I. I., Chaft, J. E., Rizvi, N. A., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1802166115 · Cited by 239
Eight-Color Multiplex Immunohistochemistry for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Immune Checkpoint Molecules within the Tumor Microenvironment
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Characterization of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Aid Immunotherapy
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“The stratified analysis revealed that the prognosis value of ICI scores was independent of TMB in HNSC.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Adenovirotherapy Delivering Cytokine and Checkpoint Inhibitor Augments CAR T Cells against Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Shaw, A. R., Porter, C. E., Watanabe, N., Tanoue, K., Sikora, A. G., Gottschalk, S. M., Brenner, M. K., & Suzuki, M. (2017) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.09.010 · Cited by 219
“, CTLA-4) have been identified on tumors in HNSCC patients,(11) a recent clinical trial showed that treatment with pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 IgG) alone is insufficient to cure HNSCC, leading to questions about its clinical value in this setting.(12,13)”
Background
Head and neck cancer: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach
Nigro, C. L., Denaro, N., Merlotti, A. M., & Merlano, M. C. (2017) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s115761 · Cited by 256
“8%, with no difference among p16-positive and p16-negative.(75) In the Phase II Keynote 055 (on 172 patients), 70% had a treatment-related toxicity but only 12% experienced G3–4 adverse effects.”
Background
Phase Ib Study of Utomilumab (PF-05082566), a 4-1BB/CD137 Agonist, in Combination with Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Tolcher, A. W., Sznol, M., Hu‐Lieskovan, S., Papadopoulos, K. P., Patnaik, A., Rasco, D. W., Gravio, D. D., Huang, B., Gambhire, D., Chen, Y., et al. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1243 · Cited by 240
Self-citation
TMB or not TMB as a biomarker: That is the question
Addeo, A., Friedlaender, A., Banna, G. L., & Weiss, G. J. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103374 · Cited by 224
Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis in solid tumor patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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“Among the 40 studies accessed, only 34 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis.(1-40) One phase 2 study that did not specify”
Background
The Role of the Tumor Vasculature in the Host Immune Response: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment
Hendry, S. A., Farnsworth, R. H., Solomon, B., Achen, M. G., Stacker, S. A., & Fox, S. B. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00621 · Cited by 188
Utility of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays for predicting PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor response
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“The ORR+ and ORR- are 22% and 4%, respectively [21, 22].”
Background
Radiation therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: the clinical development of an evolving anticancer combination
Gong, J., Le, T. Q., Massarelli, E., Hendifar, A. E., & Tuli, R. (2018) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0361-7 · Cited by 191
Interferon Gamma Messenger RNA Signature in Tumor Biopsies Predicts Outcomes in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma or Urothelial Cancer Treated with Durvalumab
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Oral and Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and predictive parameters in the etiopathogenetic route
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“In fact, the overall survival and duration of response are greater in patients treated with Pembrolizumab than in those treated with conventional therapy [73].”
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and elderly people: A review
Daste, A., Domblides, C., Gross‐Goupil, M., Chakiba, C., Quivy, A., Cochin, V., de Monès, E., Larmonier, N., Soubeyran, P., & Ravaud, A. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2017.05.044 · Cited by 194
The First-week Proliferative Response of Peripheral Blood PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Predicts the Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Solid Tumors
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Comparative Molecular Analyses of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, and Gastric Adenocarcinoma
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“However, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in squamous cell tumors (e.g., HNSCC [27, 28], squamous nonsmall cell lung cancer [29], and anal canal [30]) has been established, and nivolumab showed promising activity with a manageable safety profile for patients with treatment-refractory advanced ESCC [31], su…”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Seiwert, T. Y., Burtness, B., Mehra, R., Weiss, J., Berger, R., Eder, J. P., Heath, K., McClanahan, T., Lunceford, J., Gause, C., Cheng, J. D., & Chow, L. Q.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Sheba Medical Center (IL)
Yale Cancer Center (US)
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Seiwert, Tanguy Y
ORCID: Seiwert, Tanguy Y
Burtness, Barbara
Mehra, Ranee
Berger, Raanan
Eder, Joseph Paul
Lunceford, Jared
Chow, Laura Q
Venue: The Lancet Oncology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-07
Volume: 17
Issue: 7
Pages: 956-965
ISSN: 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30066-3
OpenAlex: W2401455386
Cited by: 1,745
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 195 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 216 · 2017: 204 · 2016: 44
FWCI: 117.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Oncology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
Keywords: pembrolizumab, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 expression, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antitumour activity, drug safety and tolerability, immune-related adverse events, hyponatremia, elevated liver enzymes, overall response rate
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Safety, Survival Rate, Young Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

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Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial

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