Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: Phase 2 Clinical KEYNOTE-059 Trial
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Therapeutic options are needed for patients with advanced gastric cancer whose disease has progressed after 2 or more lines of therapy. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in a cohort of patients with previously treated gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: In the phase 2, global, open-label, single-arm, multicohort KEYNOTE-059 study, 259 patients in 16 countries were enrolled in a cohort between March 2, 2015, and May 26, 2016. Median (range) follow-up was 5.8 (0.5-21.6) months. Intervention: Patients received pembrolizumab, 200 mg, intravenously every 3 weeks until disease progression, investigator or patient decision to withdraw, or unacceptable toxic effects. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary end points were objective response rate and safety. Objective response rate was assessed by central radiologic review per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, in all patients and those with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive tumors. Expression of PD-L1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Secondary end points included response duration. Results: Of 259 patients enrolled, most were male (198 [76.4%]) and white (200 [77.2%]); median (range) age was 62 (24-89) years. Objective response rate was 11.6% (95% CI, 8.0%-16.1%; 30 of 259 patients), with complete response in 2.3% (95% CI, 0.9%-5.0%; 6 of 259 patients). Median (range) response duration was 8.4 (1.6+ to 17.3+) months (+ indicates that patients had no progressive disease at their last assessment). Objective response rate and median (range) response duration were 15.5% (95% CI, 10.1%-22.4%; 23 of 148 patients) and 16.3 (1.6+ to 17.3+) months and 6.4% (95% CI, 2.6%-12.8%; 7 of 109 patients) and 6.9 (2.4 to 7.0+) months in patients with PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative tumors, respectively. Forty-six patients (17.8%) experienced 1 or more grade 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse events. Two patients (0.8%) discontinued because of treatment-related adverse events, and 2 deaths were considered related to treatment. Conclusions and Relevance: Pembrolizumab monotherapy demonstrated promising activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who had previously received at least 2 lines of treatment. Durable responses were observed in patients with PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative tumors. Further study of pembrolizumab for this group of patients is warranted. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02335411.
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Response rates to ICIs range from 15-30% in most solid tumors to 45-60% in melanoma and MSI-H tumors.
“Response rates range from 15 to 30% (in most solid tumors) to 45–60% (in melanoma and MSI-H tumors).”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Fuchs, C. S., Doi, T., Jang, R. W., Muro, K., Satoh, T., Machado, M., Sun, W., Jalal, S. I., Shah, M. A., Metges, J.-P., Garrido, M., Golan, T., Mandala, M., Wainberg, Z. A., Catenacci, D. V., Ohtsu, A., Shitara, K., Geva, R., Bleeker, J., Ko, A. H., Ku, G., Philip, P., Enzinger, P. C., Bang, Y.-J., Levitan, D., Wang, J., Rosales, M., Dalal, R. P., & Yoon, H. H.
- Affiliations
- Yale Cancer Center (US)
- National Cancer Center East, Chiba, Japan
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (JP)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- IPO Porto (PT)
- University of Kansas (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire (CHRU) de Brest–Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Cancer Center, Bergamo, Italy
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Sanford Health (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- The Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fuchs, Charles S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Oncology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2018-05-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e180013
- ISSN
- 2374-2437 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5885175
- OpenAlex
- W2793364080
- Cited by
- 1,784
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 147 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 221 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 301 · 2020: 278 · 2019: 176 · 2018: 82
- FWCI
- 79.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Oncology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Amgen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- Gilead Sciences
- Celgene
- Halozyme
- Five Prime Therapeutics
- Agios Pharmaceuticals
- Arog Pharmaceuticals
- Incyte
- MacroGenics
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin
- Astellas Pharma
- Yakult Honsha
- Ono Pharmaceutical
- Ipsen
- Sirtex Medical
- Genentech
- Chugai Pharmaceutical
- National Cancer Institute (K23CA178203, P30CA008748)
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- pembrolizumab, advanced gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 expression, previously treated patients, objective response rate, duration of response, safety, immune checkpoint inhibitors, treatment-emergent adverse events, diarrhea, pneumonitis, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hypertriglyceridemia
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Esophageal Neoplasms, Esophagogastric Junction, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stomach Neoplasms, Biomarkers, Tumor, Treatment Outcome, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Microsatellite Instability, Young Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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