Prospects of effective microorganisms technology in wastes treatment in Egypt
Open accessAbstract
Sludge dewatering and treatment may cost as much as the wastewater treatment. Usually large proportion of the pollutants in wastewater is organic. They are attacked by saprophytic microorganisms, i.e. organisms that feed upon dead organic matter. Activity of organisms causes decomposition of organic matter and destroys them, where the bacteria convert the organic matter or other constituents in the wastewater to new cells, water, gases and other products. Demolition activities, including renovation/remodeling works and complete or selective removal/demolishing of existing structures either by man-made processes or by natural disasters, create an extensive amount of wastes. These demolition wastes are characterized as heterogeneous mixtures of building materials that are usually contaminated with chemicals and dirt. In developing countries, it is estimated that demolition wastes comprise 20% to 30% of the total annual solid wastes. In Egypt, the daily quantity of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has been estimated as 10 000 tones. That is equivalent to one third of the total daily municipal solid wastes generated per day in Egypt. The zabbaliin have since expanded their activities and now take the waste they collect back to their garbage villages where it is sorted into recyclable components: paper, plastics, rags, glass, metal and food. The food waste is fed to pigs and the other items are sold to recycling centers. This paper summarizes the wastewater and solid wastes management in Egypt now and future.
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Theoretically, EM has beneficial organisms that decompose organic matter into methane, carbon dioxide, or other useful substances for growth and reproduction.
“Theoretically speaking, EM has beneficial organisms that decompose the organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), or other useful substances for growth and reproduction [41].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
The introductory EM discussion (section labeled “Contents lists available at ScienceDirect”; page not supplied) says EM organisms should convert organic matter to carbon dioxide or methane, or use it for growth and reproduction. It does not say they convert it into other useful substances for growth and reproduction. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEM can treat leachate coming out of garbage and remove foul smell from decomposing garbage.
“Moreover, EM can also treat the leachate that is coming out of the garbage besides removing the foul smell from the decomposing garbage [41].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
EM technology suppresses harmful gases produced by decomposed garbage.
“In addition, EM technology suppresses the harmful gases produced by decomposed garbage [41].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In theoretical terms, EM is important in wastewater treatment, improving the quality of discharged water, and reducing the quantity of sludge produced.
“Therefore, EM, in theoretical terms, is very important in the treatment of wastewater as well as improvement of the quality of water discharged in addition to reducing the quantity of sludge that is produced [41].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
EM is safe and organic.
“This is because EM is safe and organic [41].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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Cited by
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- Authors
- Shalaby, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Cairo University (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Shalaby, Emad A
- ORCID
- Shalaby, Emad A
- Venue
- Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
- Publisher
- Medknow
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 243-248
- ISSN
- 2221-1691 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3609181
- OpenAlex
- W1965616079
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 4.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan International Cooperation Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Keywords
- effective microorganisms, construction and demolition waste, demolition waste management, wastewater treatment, organic matter decomposition, saprophytic microorganisms, solid waste management, recycling
- MeSH terms
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Egypt, Environmental Microbiology, Government Programs, Humans, Waste Management
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