The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1,126 of the 1,126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changing State of the Climate System
Open accessAbstract
Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate indicators and principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and detection/attribution, and Chapter 4 covers projections for a subset of these same indicators and modes of variability. Collectively, these chapters provide the basis for later chapters, which focus upon processes and regional changes. \nWithin Chapter 2, changes are assessed from in situ and remotely sensed data and products and from indirect evidence of longer-term changes based upon a diverse range of climate proxies. The time-evolving availability of observations and proxy information dictate the periods that can be assessed. Wherever possible, recent changes are assessed for their significance in a longer-term context, including target proxy periods, both in terms of mean state and rates of change.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evidence of unprecedented rise in growth synchrony from global tree ring records
Manzanedo, R. D., Lambers, J. H. R., Rademacher, T., & Pederson, N. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-01306-x · Cited by 14
RetractedHersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., et al. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.3803 · Cited by 31,882
The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., et al. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.828 · Cited by 24,480
(2014) · Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.004 · Cited by 23,880
Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., & Kaplan, A. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002670 · Cited by 10,991
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., et al. (2017) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0758.1 · Cited by 9,010
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., Nelkin, E. J., Wolff, D. B., Adler, R. F., Gu, G., Hong, Y., Bowman, K. P., & Stocker, E. F. (2007) · Journal of Hydrometeorology · doi:10.1175/jhm560.1 · Cited by 6,767
Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Pedreros, D., Verdin, J., Shukla, S., Husak, G., Rowland, J., Harrison, L., Hoell, A., et al. (2015) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.66 · Cited by 6,362
Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming
Chen, I.-C., Hill, J. K., Ohlemüller, R., Roy, D. B., & Thomas, C. D. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206432 · Cited by 5,518
The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics
KOBAYASHI, S., OTA, Y., HARADA, Y., EBITA, A., MORIYA, M., ONODA, H., ONOGI, K., KAMAHORI, H., KOBAYASHI, C., ENDO, H., et al. (2015) · Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II · doi:10.2151/jmsj.2015-001 · Cited by 4,760
Cited by
Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., et al. (2022) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 · Cited by 1,895
Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., et al. (2023) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023 · Cited by 1,500
Jones, M. W., Peters, G. P., Gasser, T., Andrew, R. M., Schwingshackl, C., Gütschow, J., Houghton, R. A., Friedlingstein, P., Pongratz, J., & Le Quéré, C. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02041-1 · Cited by 518
The unprecedented Pacific Northwest heatwave of June 2021
White, R. H., Anderson, S., Booth, J. F., Braich, G., Draeger, C., Fei, C., Harley, C. D. G., Henderson, S. B., Jakob, M., Lau, C.-A., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36289-3 · Cited by 435
Forster, P. M., Smith, C. J., Walsh, T., Lamb, W. F., Lamboll, R., Hauser, M., Ribes, A., Rosen, D., Gillett, N., Palmer, M. D., et al. (2023) · Earth System Science Data · doi:10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023 · Cited by 366
Metadata
- Venue
- Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2023-07-06
- Pages
- 287-422
- OpenAlex
- W4382358980
- Cited by
- 548
- References
- 1,126
- FWCI
- 136.56
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Changing State of the Climate System. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/9781009157896.004
- The paper
- Changing State of the Climate System. (2023). Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.