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Electromechanics of Particles
Abstract
Small particles in the size range from one micron to one millimetre are increasingly important in today's technological world. They serve as workhorses in many mechanisms and devices - from electrostatic copiers to fluidised beds. A more recent development involves the characterisation and manipulation of individual cells and DNA molecules. Particulates can also be a hazard, for example, particulate pollution. Because all particles have electrical and magnetic properties associated with their shape and the materials of which they are constituted, they experience forces and torques when subjected to electric and/or magnetic fields. This book offers a lucid account of the electromechanical interactions that govern the behaviour of particles when an electric or magnetic field is present. With numerous real-world examples, the book should interest a wide range of scientists and engineers.
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“The force acting on the particles is proportional to r 3 of a spherical particle and its polarizability.[30]”
From Integrating DNA Encapsulates and Digital Microfluidics for Automated Data Storage in DNA (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
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Experimental investigation on falling ferrofluid droplets in vertical magnetic fields
Shi, D., Bi, Q., He, Y., et al. (2014) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.01.010 · Cited by 28
Force-Extension Curve of a Polymer in a High-Frequency Electric Field
Cohen, A. E. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.235506 · Cited by 28
“A field interacts with the molecular polarizability to generate forces, torques, and internal stresses, a phenomenon known as dielectrophoresis (DEP) [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialRessier, L., Palleau, É., Garcıa, C., et al. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology · doi:10.1109/tnano.2009.2016089 · Cited by 28
“1) Nonselective forces (stochastic force causing Brownian motion, image force acting on the particles in the vicinity of the substrate and image force between particles [19], van der Waals forces between incoming particles, and the substrate surface or already deposited particles [20]) that result in a nonselective ad…”
BackgroundDielectrophoresis as a Cell Characterisation Tool
Hoettges, K. F. (2009) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-106-6_8 · Cited by 28
Transverse dielectrophoretic-based DNA nanoscale confinement
Mahshid, S., Lu, J. G., Abidi, A. A., SLADEK, R. M., Reisner, W., & Ahamed, M. J. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24132-5 · Cited by 28
Zheng, T., Zhang, Z., & Zhu, R. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05228 · Cited by 28
Continuous flow separation of particles with insulator-based dielectrophoresis chromatography
Hill, N., & Lapizco‐Encinas, B. H. (2020) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-019-02308-w · Cited by 28
“Under low frequency and direct current potentials, fCM becomes [40]”
BackgroundBagnaninchi, P., Dikeakos, M., Veres, T., et al. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience · doi:10.1109/tnb.2004.837901 · Cited by 28
“A nonuniform field generated by interdigitated microelectrodes allows cell-by-cell separation, manipulation, and trapping, with tremendous applications such as DEP migration, DEP affinity, or DEP levitation.”
BackgroundInfluentialKürschner, M., Nielsen, K., Andersen, C., et al. (1998) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(98)78011-7 · Cited by 28
“For spherical particles, the polarizability factor is given by (Arnold and Zimmermann, 1988; Fuhr et al., 1996; Gascoyne et al., 1995; Jones, 1995)”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialQuantitative analysis of parallel nanowire array assembly by dielectrophoresis
Papadakis, S. J., Hoffmann, J. A., Deglau, D. M., et al. (2010) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c0nr00536c · Cited by 27
O'Riordan, A. J., Iacopino, D., Lovera, P., Floyd, L., Reynolds, K., & Redmond, G. (2011) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/22/10/105602 · Cited by 27
Jen, C., & Chen, W. (2011) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.3658644 · Cited by 27
Elongated polystyrene spheres as resonant building blocks in anisotropic colloidal crystals
Schneider, D., Beltramo, P. J., Mattarelli, M., et al. (2013) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c3sm50959a · Cited by 27
Hayward, D. W., Gilroy, J. B., Rupar, P. A., Chabanne, L., Pizzey, C. L., Winnik, M. A., Whittell, G. R., Ian Manners, A., & Richardson, R. M. (2015) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma502222f · Cited by 27
Zhou, P., Yu, H., Yang, W., et al. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b03565 · Cited by 27
Hilchenbach, M., Fischer, H., Langevin, Y., et al. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0255 · Cited by 27
Goel, M., Verma, A., & Gupta, S. (2018) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.005 · Cited by 25
Cai, R.-R., Lu, H., & Zhang, L. (2018) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2018.12.015 · Cited by 27
Derakhshan, R., Ramiar, A., & Ghasemi, A. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113211 · Cited by 28
Measurements of dipole moments and a Q-patch model of collisionally charged grains
Steinpilz, T., Jungmann, F., Joeris, K., et al. (2020) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/abae43 · Cited by 27
Self-aligned CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanowires via dielectrophoresis for gas sensing applications
Kirakosyan, A. G., Sihn, M. R., Jeon, M., Kabir, R. M., & Choi, J. (2021) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101307 · Cited by 27
Protein Dielectrophoresis: A Tale of Two Clausius-Mossottis—Or Something Else?
Pethig, R. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13020261 · Cited by 27
“Although this relationship can be used to analyse the DEP of a particle possessing both an induced and a permanent dipole moment, standard DEP theory defines this in terms of the force acting on its moment m in an electric field gradient ∇Em [13,14]:”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMicrofluidic sorting of protein nanocrystals by size for X-ray free-electron laser diffraction
Abdallah, B. G., Zatsepin, N. A., Roy-Chowdhury, S., Coe, J. D., Conrad, C. E., Dörner, K., Sierra, R. G., Stevenson, H. P., Camacho‐Alanis, F., Grant, T. D., et al. (2015) · Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1063/1.4928688 · Cited by 27
High frequency dielectrophoretic response of microalgae over time
Hadady, H., Wong, J. J., Hiibel, S. R., Redelman, D. D., & Geiger, E. J. (2014) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201400306 · Cited by 29
Kawamoto, H., Shigeta, A., & Adachi, M. (2015) · Journal of Aerospace Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000521 · Cited by 27
Chen, Z., Chen, Z., Wang, R., et al. (2014) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.02.043 · Cited by 27
Simulation of Particle Separation on an Inclined Electric Curtain
Chesnutt, J. K. W., & Marshall, J. S. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2013.2253536 · Cited by 27
“Particles are subject to a Coulomb force Fc = QE and a dielectrophoretic force Fp = pE, where Q is the particle charge and p is the induced dipole moment on the particle, which is proportional to the electric field E [33].”
BackgroundJanjua, M. M., Nudurupati, S., Singh, P., et al. (2011) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201000523 · Cited by 27
“dependence of the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force which acts on a particle in a non-uniform electric field [36].”
BackgroundQuadrupole levitation of microscopic dielectric particles
Hartley, L., Kaler, K. V. I. S., & Paul, R. (1999) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/s0304-3886(98)00061-8 · Cited by 27
Lo, Y. J., & Lei, U. (2009) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3277157 · Cited by 27
Palapati, N. K. R., Pomerantseva, E. A., & Subramanian, A. (2015) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c4nr06303a · Cited by 27
Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic platform to sort micro-particles in continuous flow
Haajari, M., Ebadi, A., Farshchi-Heydari, M.-J., et al. (2019) · Microsystem Technologies · doi:10.1007/s00542-019-04629-3 · Cited by 27
“The dielectrophoretic force is expressed below (Jones and Jones 2005):”
Moore, J. H., Salahi, A., Honrado, C., Warburton, C. J., Warren, C. A., & Swami, N. S. (2020) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112440 · Cited by 28
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript fit to multi-shell dielectric models (Jones 1995; Morgan and Green 2003; Rohani et al. 2014b) to estimate dielectric parameters (refer to Supplementary Information S1 (SI) for further details on DEP theory and modeling).”
BackgroundMethodGaynor, P. T., Wells, D. N., & Oback, B. (2005) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/bf02345137 · Cited by 27
Trapping force on a finite-sized particle in a dielectrophoretic cage
Singh, P., & Aubry, N. (2005) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.72.016602 · Cited by 27
Electroosmotic flow in microchannels with prismatic elements
Hu, Y., Xuan, X. S., Werner, C., et al. (2006) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-006-0115-6 · Cited by 27
Trapping of cells by insulator-based dielectrophoresis using open-top microstructures
Jen, C., & Chen, T.-W. (2008) · Microsystem Technologies · doi:10.1007/s00542-008-0726-9 · Cited by 27
Electrostatic Shield for Lunar Dust Entering Mechanical Seals of Lunar Exploration Equipment
Kawamoto, H. (2012) · Journal of Aerospace Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000272 · Cited by 26
“(1) indicates that the particle motion is determined by the air drag, Coulomb force qE acting on a charged particle, electrostatic image force Fimage on a charged particle over the electrodes, dielectrophoresis force Fdipole on a polarized particle in the nonuniform electrostatic field (Jones 1995), van der Waals adhe…”
BackgroundIn-situ poling and structurization of piezoelectric particulate composites
Khanbareh, H., van der Zwaag, S., & Groen, P. (2017) · Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · doi:10.1177/1045389x17689928 · Cited by 26
“A higher degree of orientation is observed for set 1 compared to set 2 as a result of larger driving force acting on the particles in response to a larger imposed electric field (Jones, 2005).”
BackgroundA mathematical model of dielectrophoretic data to connect measurements with cell properties
Hilton, S. H., & Hayes, M. A. (2019) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-019-01757-7 · Cited by 26
Electric Triggering for Enhanced Control of Droplet Generation
Kim, D., Echelmeier, A., Villarreal, J. C., et al. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01449 · Cited by 26
Zhu, J., He, Z., Wu, J., et al. (2020) · High Voltage · doi:10.1049/hve.2019.0317 · Cited by 26
Continuous CTC separation through a DEP ‐based contraction–expansion inertial microfluidic channel
Islam, M. S., & Chen, X. (2023) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1002/btpr.3341 · Cited by 28
Dielectrophoretic trapping of nanoparticles with an electrokinetic nanoprobe
Wood, N. R., Wolsiefer, A. I., Cohn, R. W., et al. (2013) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201300004 · Cited by 26
“Traditionally, an “effective” homogenous dielectric value is substituted for cells to simplify analysis [10].”
BackgroundEfficiency of assembling of nanowires in suspension by ac electric fields
Fan, D., Zhu, F. Q., Cammarata, R. C., et al. (2006) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2397384 · Cited by 26
Discrete element modeling (DEM) of triboelectrically charged particles: Revised experiments
Hogue, M. D., Calle, C. I., Curry, D. R., et al. (2009) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2009.03.005 · Cited by 26
Fiber Classification and the Influence of Average Air Humidity
Wang, Z., Hopke, P. K., Baron, P. A., et al. (2005) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820500380198 · Cited by 26
“According to Jones (1995, 2003), if the thickness of the film δ d, the diameter of the particle, the effective complex permittivity of an equivalent, homogeneous spherical particle will be: εp = εp + 4ε f d ε f = ε f + σ f jω where εp is the complex permittivity of the insulating particle; ε f and…”
BackgroundEspin, M. J., Quintanilla, M. A. S., & Valverde, J. M. (2015) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.124 · Cited by 26
“Reports on the similar role of electric fields on the fluidization of dielectric particles can be found in [36, 37, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43]).”
BackgroundMatarrubia, J., García-Cabañes, A., Plaza, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/47/26/265101 · Cited by 26
Bahrieh, G., Erdem, M., Özgür, E., et al. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra04873c · Cited by 26
Dielectrophoretic particle–particle interaction under AC electrohydrodynamic flow conditions
Lee, D., Yu, C., Papazoglou, E. S., et al. (2011) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201100070 · Cited by 26
Measurement of dielectrophoretic force by employing controllable gravitational force
Imasato, H., & Yamakawa, T. (2008) · Journal of Electrophoresis · doi:10.2198/jelectroph.52.1 · Cited by 26
Electric-field-pulse-assisted covalent immobilization of DNA in the nanosecond time scale
Fixe, F., Cabeca, R., Chu, V., et al. (2003) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1594839 · Cited by 26
Huang, C., Weng, C., & Jen, C. (2011) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.3646757 · Cited by 26
Issadore, D., Franke, T., Brown, K. A., et al. (2010) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c0lc00092b · Cited by 26
Assessment of Sub-Micron Particles by Exploiting Charge Differences with Dielectrophoresis
Romero‐Creel, M. F., Goodrich, E., Polniak, D. V., et al. (2017) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi8080239 · Cited by 26
“Particle polarizability is expressed through the fCM which is estimated employing the complex permittivities of the particle and the suspending medium [40]:”
MethodEnergy landscapes for ellipsoids in non-uniform AC electric fields
Torres‐Díaz, I., Rupp, B. B., Yang, Y., et al. (2018) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c7sm02287e · Cited by 26
Reconfigurable engineered motile semiconductor microparticles
Ohiri, U., Shields, C. W., Han, K., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04183-y · Cited by 26
Afshar, S., Salimi, E., Fazelkhah, A., et al. (2019) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.046 · Cited by 26
Sebastián‐Vicente, C., Muñoz‐Cortés, E., García-Cabañes, A., et al. (2019) · Particle & Particle Systems Characterization · doi:10.1002/ppsc.201900233 · Cited by 26
“Electrically charged particles undergo electrophoretic forces (fep = qE), whereas neutral particles become polarized by the field and undergo dielectrophoretic forces.([45]) The latter ones can be written as: fep p E (5)”
BackgroundRelating magnetization, structure and rheology in ferrofluids with multi-core magnetic nanoparticles
Zablotsky, D., Kralj, S., Kitenbergs, G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jnnfm.2020.104248 · Cited by 26
Forces and charges on an undeformable droplet in the DC field of a plate condenser
Roux, J.-M., Achard, J., & Fouillet, Y. (2008) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2008.01.008 · Cited by 26
“Lebedev and Skal’skaya [4], Félici [5] and Jones [6] have showed that the electrical force must also include the interaction force with the droplet image due to the electrode plane.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBoymelgreen, A. M., & Miloh, T. (2011) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/1.3609804 · Cited by 26
Particle AC electrokinetics in planar interdigitated microelectrode geometry
Tathireddy, P., Choi, Y.-H., & Skliar, M. (2008) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2008.09.002 · Cited by 26
Optimization of microfluidic particle sorters based on dielectrophoresis
Nieuwenhuis, J. H., Jachimowicz, A., Svasek, P., & Vellekoop, M. J. (2005) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2005.844333 · Cited by 26
“The dielectrophoretic force on a particle generated by a nonuniform electric field can be calculated with the following formula [14]:”
MethodHuang, J., Karttunen, M., Yu, K. W., et al. (2004) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.69.051402 · Cited by 26
“The DEP force FDEP acting on the particle is given by [29]”
BackgroundHybrid electrokinetics for separation, mixing, and concentration of colloidal particles
Sin, M. L. Y., Shimabukuro, Y., & Wong, P. K. (2009) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/20/16/165701 · Cited by 26
Gao, W., Zhang, C., Cai, Y. Q., et al. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.135669 · Cited by 25
Nikolic‐Jaric, M., Romanuik, S. F., Ferrier, G. A., et al. (2012) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.4709387 · Cited by 25
Shape-selective remobilization of microparticles in a mesh-based DEP filter at high throughput
Weirauch, L., Giesler, J., Baune, M., et al. (2022) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121792 · Cited by 25
Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems
Suwa, M., Tsukahara, S., & Watarai, H. (2023) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc00702a · Cited by 24
An AC electroosmotic processor for biomolecules
Wong, P. K., Chen, C.-Y., Wang, T.-H., et al. (2004) · International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems · doi:10.1109/sensor.2003.1215243 · Cited by 25
Round-tip dielectrophoresis-based tweezers for single micro-object manipulation
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Improved Oil Recovery by High Magnetic Flux Density Subjected to Iron Oxide Nanofluids
Yahya, N., Kashif, M., Shafie, A. B., et al. (2013) · Journal of nano research · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.89 · Cited by 25
“(4) Fdep is called the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force, which is applied to a polarisable particle when the particle is exposed to a non-uniform electric field [31-35].”
BackgroundReal‐time cell electrophysiology using a multi‐channel dielectrophoretic‐dot microelectrode array
Fatoyinbo, H. O., Kadri, N. A., Gould, D. H., et al. (2011) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201100033 · Cited by 25
“1) [18, 19] exerted on the cells around the pads of each dot did not influence the analysis of neighbouring dot regions by contributing cells from outside each dots’ catchment volume.”
BackgroundHydrodynamic separation of cells utilizing insulator-based dielectrophoresis
Jen, C., Huang, C., & Shih, H.-Y. (2009) · Microsystem Technologies · doi:10.1007/s00542-009-0947-6 · Cited by 25
“However, cells perform large induced-dipole moments significantly dependent on the frequency of the electric field applied [7].”
BackgroundCell Physiometry Tools based on Dielectrophoresis
Pethig, R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-25843-0_4 · Cited by 25
Particle trapping using dielectrophoretically patterned carbon nanotubes
Khoshmanesh, K., Zhang, C., Nahavandi, S., et al. (2010) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.200900717 · Cited by 25
“the first microelectrode pair, the neighbouring particles were attracted to each other, forming pearl chains under the increasing electric field [40], as shown in Figs.”
BackgroundHuang, C., Santana, S. M., Liu, H., et al. (2013) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201300242 · Cited by 25
Electrode-based AC electrokinetics of proteins: A mini-review
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Khoramishad, H., & Vafa, S. M. B. H. (2018) · Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures · doi:10.1111/ffe.12852 · Cited by 25
Synergy between pyroelectric and photovoltaic effects for optoelectronic nanoparticle manipulation
Puerto, A., Muñoz-Martín, J. F., Méndez, Á., Arizmendi, L., García-Cabañes, A., Agulló-López, F., & Carrascosa, M. (2019) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.27.000804 · Cited by 24
Dielectrophoresis‐assisted creation of cell aggregates under flow conditions using planar electrodes
Cottet, J., Kehren, A., Lasli, S., et al. (2019) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201800435 · Cited by 25
“[22] Jones, T. B., Electromechanics of Particles, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York 1995; https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511574498.”
BackgroundInfluentialHolzki, M., Fouckhardt, H., & Klotzbücher, T. (2012) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2012.07.005 · Cited by 25
Reverse draining of a magnetic soap film
Moulton, D. E., & Pelesko, J. A. (2010) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.81.046320 · Cited by 25
“Magnetic particles experience a force in a non-uniform magnetic field; this phenomenon is known as magnetophoresis [12, 13].”
BackgroundAntenna Chemistry with Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Duque, J. G., Pasquali, M., & Schmidt, H. (2008) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja803300u · Cited by 25
Fabrication of nanoscale device using individual colloidal gold nanoparticles
Khondaker, S. I. (2004) · IEE Proceedings - Circuits Devices and Systems · doi:10.1049/ip-cds:20040957 · Cited by 25
Lee, D., Hwang, H., & Park, J. (2009) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3253411 · Cited by 25
Colloidal microstructures, transport, and impedance properties within interfacial microelectrodes
Bahukudumbi, P., Everett, W. N., Beşkök, A., et al. (2007) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2744480 · Cited by 25
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del Moral‐Zamora, B., Punter-Villagrasa, J., Oliva‐Brañas, A. M., et al. (2015) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201400446 · Cited by 24
“(1) [37, 38]—where V is the volume of the particle; E is the electric field; and is the effective polarizability, which is defined by the expression (2):”
BackgroundStudy on the electromechanics of a conducting particle under nonuniform electric field
Phansiri, N., & Techaumnat, B. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation · doi:10.1109/tdei.2013.6508751 · Cited by 24
“The DEP force acting on this dipole is expressed as [13]”
BackgroundKang, S. (2014) · Computers & Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.09.029 · Cited by 24
Yuan, D., Pan, C., Zhang, J., et al. (2016) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi7110195 · Cited by 24
“The effective dipole moment of a spherical particle is [34,35]:”
BackgroundAutomatically Controlled Microfluidic System for Continuous Separation of Rare Bacteria from Blood
Yoon, T., Moon, H., Song, J., et al. (2019) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.23909 · Cited by 24
“where r represents the particle radius, εm represents the relative permittivity of the suspending medium, Re[K] represents the real part of the Clausius–Mossotti (CM) factor, and r|E(2)| represents the gradient of the root-mean-square amplitude of the electric field (32).”
BackgroundPrinciples of carbon nanotube dielectrophoresis
Li, W., Hennrich, F. H., Flavel, B. S., Dehm, S., Kappes, M. M., & Krupke, R. (2021) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-020-3183-0 · Cited by 26
Ruan, X., Chen, S., & Li, S. (2021) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2021.127 · Cited by 24
“Particles suspended in turbulent flows usually carry electrical charge through triboelectrification or the sticking of free ions to the surface (Jones 1995; McCarty & Whitesides 2008; Pähtz, Herr,amm & Shinbrot 2010; Kolehmainen et al. 2018).”
BackgroundZhao, K., Hu, M., van Baalen, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.108 · Cited by 24
“The general formulation for the DEP force exerting on the spherical particle is given by [36] where r describes the particle radius, e m is the dielectric constant of the suspending medium, r E j j 2 represents the electric field gradient, and Re f CM ð Þ is the real part of the complex…”
Germishuizen, W. A., Tosch, P., Middelberg, A. P. J., et al. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1825627 · Cited by 24
Cell patterning using a dielectrophoretic–hydrodynamic trap
Iliescu, C., Xu, G., Tong, W. H., et al. (2015) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-015-1568-2 · Cited by 24
“The DEP force can be defined according to Jones (2005) as:”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, T. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Thomas B.
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1995-10-27
- OpenAlex
- W208653037
- Cited by
- 2,786
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 131 · 2014: 140 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 145
- FWCI
- 16.09
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- International Linear Collider (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Keywords
- particle manipulation, particle characterization, electrostatics, magnetostatics, particulate matter pollution, single-cell manipulation, DNA manipulation, fluidized bed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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