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Electromechanics of Particles
Abstract
Small particles in the size range from one micron to one millimetre are increasingly important in today's technological world. They serve as workhorses in many mechanisms and devices - from electrostatic copiers to fluidised beds. A more recent development involves the characterisation and manipulation of individual cells and DNA molecules. Particulates can also be a hazard, for example, particulate pollution. Because all particles have electrical and magnetic properties associated with their shape and the materials of which they are constituted, they experience forces and torques when subjected to electric and/or magnetic fields. This book offers a lucid account of the electromechanical interactions that govern the behaviour of particles when an electric or magnetic field is present. With numerous real-world examples, the book should interest a wide range of scientists and engineers.
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“The force acting on the particles is proportional to r 3 of a spherical particle and its polarizability.[30]”
From Integrating DNA Encapsulates and Digital Microfluidics for Automated Data Storage in DNA (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
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The Application of Microfluidics in Biology
Holmes, D., & Gawad, S. (2009) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-106-6_2 · Cited by 66
Electrically Driven Alignment and Crystallization of Unique Anisotropic Polymer Particles
Herlihy, K. P., Nunes, J. K., & DeSimone, J. M. (2008) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la801250g · Cited by 66
Integrated Nanopore/Microchannel Devices for ac Electrokinetic Trapping of Particles
Kovarik, M. L., & Jacobson, S. C. (2008) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac701759f · Cited by 66
Electrokinetic measurements of membrane capacitance and conductance for pancreatic -cells
Pethig, R., Jakubek, L. M., Sanger, R. H., et al. (2005) · IEE Proceedings - Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1049/ip-nbt:20050040 · Cited by 66
“The theoretical and experimental aspects of DEP and ER are well described in the literature [6-10].”
Bioparticle separation and manipulation using dielectrophoresis
Chen, D., Du, H., & Li, W. (2006) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2006.06.029 · Cited by 66
Integrating DNA Encapsulates and Digital Microfluidics for Automated Data Storage in DNA
Antkowiak, P. L., Koch, J., Nguyen, B. H., Stark, W. J., Strauss, K., Ceze, L., & Grass, R. N. (2022) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202107381 · Cited by 65
Dielectric and dielectrophoretic properties of DNA
Hölzel, R. (2009) · IET Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1049/iet-nbt.2008.0014 · Cited by 65
Puerto, A., Méndez, Á., Arizmendi, L., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.024046 · Cited by 64
A unified platform for optoelectrowetting and optoelectronic tweezers
Valley, J. K., NingPei, S., Jamshidi, A., et al. (2011) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c0lc00568a · Cited by 64
Manipulation of cells using an ultrasonic pressure field
Haake, A., Neild, A., Kim, D., et al. (2005) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.03.004 · Cited by 64
“Dielectrophoresis refers to the force exerted on the induced dipole moment on an uncharged dielectric and/or conductive particle by a nonuniform electric field (Jones 1995), although exposure to electric fields is not always satisfactory.”
BackgroundElectrically Driven Multiaxis Rotational Dynamics of Colloidal Platelets in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Lapointe, C. P., Hopkins, S., Mason, T. G., et al. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.178301 · Cited by 64
A 3D paired microelectrode array for accumulation and separation of microparticles
Chen, D. F., Du, H., & Li, W. (2006) · Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/16/7/008 · Cited by 64
Kim, Y., Hong, S., Jung, S., Strano, M. S., Choi, J., & Baik, S. (2006) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp055110c · Cited by 62
Rohani, A., Sanghavi, B. J., Salahi, A., et al. (2017) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c7nr02376f · Cited by 63
Seger-Sauli, U., Panayiotou, M., Schnydrig, S., et al. (2005) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.200410358 · Cited by 63
“One advantage is that dielectrophoretic forces scale well with size reduction [2, 3].”
BackgroundAcoustofluidics 23: acoustic manipulation combined with other force fields
Glynne‐Jones, P., & Hill, M. (2013) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c3lc41369a · Cited by 63
Bidirectional field-flow particle separation method in a dielectrophoretic chip with 3D electrodes
Iliescu, C., Yu, L., Tay, F. E. H., et al. (2007) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.023 · Cited by 63
Magnetic field–driven assembly and reconfiguration of multicomponent supraparticles
Harraq, A. A., Lee, J. G., & Bharti, B. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba5337 · Cited by 63
“The net magnetic interaction energy (Uij) between two point dipoles is given as (35)”
Experiments on opto-electrically generated microfluidic vortices
Kumar, A., Williams, S. J., & Wereley, S. T. (2008) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-008-0339-8 · Cited by 62
“Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a popular electrokinetic microparticle manipulation technique that refers to the induced force exerted on a dielectric particle due to their interaction with a non-uniform electric field (Pohl 1978; Jones 1995).”
BackgroundElectric-field oriented carbon nanotubes in different dielectric solvents
Liu, X., Spencer, J. L., Kaiser, A. B., et al. (2003) · Current Applied Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cap.2003.10.012 · Cited by 62
Xuan, X. S., Raghibizadeh, S., & Li, D. (2005) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.09.039 · Cited by 62
“Note that the so-called Clausius–Mossotti factor is approximately equal to −1/2 under the experimental conditions [39].”
BackgroundInsulator‐based dielectrophoretic separation of small particles in a sawtooth channel
Chen, K. P., Pacheco, J. R., Hayes, M. A., et al. (2009) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.200800833 · Cited by 62
“Assuming the particle size is much smaller than the length scale of the spatial variation of the electric field, the point-dipole model [6] can be applied and the dielectrophoretic force acting on a particle can be expressed in terms of the electric field unperturbed by the presence of the particle.”
BackgroundInfluentialInsulator‐based dielectrophoresis of microorganisms: Theoretical and experimental results
Moncada-Hernández, H., Baylon‐Cardiel, J. L., Pérez‐González, V. H., et al. (2011) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201100168 · Cited by 62
“conductivity of the particle that refers to the two-shell model, where only cytoplasm and membrane are considered (the innermost layers), can be expressed as in [27]:”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLabel-Free Quantification of Intracellular Mitochondrial Dynamics Using Dielectrophoresis
Rohani, A., Moore, J. H., Kashatus, J. A., Sesaki, H., Kashatus, D. F., & Swami, N. S. (2017) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04666 · Cited by 63
Chan, K. L., Morgan, H., Morgan, E., et al. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00115-5 · Cited by 62
Dong, L., Chirayos, V., Bush, J. M., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp051803h · Cited by 61
Microfabrication of biomedical lab-on-chip devices. A review; pp. 109–139
Giannitsis, A. T. (2011) · Estonian Journal of Engineering · doi:10.3176/eng.2011.2.03 · Cited by 61
Shim, S., Gascoyne, P. R. C., Noshari, J., et al. (2011) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1039/c1ib00032b · Cited by 61
Transitioning streaming to trapping in DC insulator-based dielectrophoresis for biomolecules
Camacho‐Alanis, F., Gan, L., & Ros, A. (2012) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2012.07.080 · Cited by 61
“The theoretical basis of DEP for large bio-particles such as cells and the scaling behavior for nanoparticles is well understood [14].”
BackgroundInfluentialA direct simulation method for flows with suspended paramagnetic particles
Kang, T. G., Hulsen, M. A., den Toonder, J. M. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2008.01.005 · Cited by 61
“The dipole moment method used by other authors is quite effective if the length scale of the field non-uniformity is much larger than the particle size [17,18].”
MethodKung, Y., Huang, K., Chong, W., et al. (2016) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201600996 · Cited by 61
Particle-size sorting system of lunar regolith using electrostatic traveling wave
Adachi, M., Moroka, H., Kawamoto, H., Wakabayashi, S., & Hoshino, T. (2017) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2017.08.002 · Cited by 61
“The particle is affected by Coulomb, dielectrophoresis, and gravitational forces, which are represented by equations (2), (3) [9], and (4), respectively:”
BackgroundMethodJia, Y., Ren, Y., Hou, L., et al. (2017) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201702188 · Cited by 61
Gordon, J. E., Gagnon, Z. R., & Chang, H. (2007) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.2818767 · Cited by 61
Dynamic Cell Fractionation and Transportation Using Moving Dielectrophoresis
Kua, C. H., Lam, Y. C., Rodríguez, I., Yang, C., & Youcef‐Toumi, K. (2007) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac070810u · Cited by 61
Kim, J., & Han, C. (2005) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/046 · Cited by 61
The Effect of Static Electrification on Gas−Solid Flows in Vertical Risers
Al-Adel, M. F., Saville, D. A., & Sundaresan, S. (2002) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie010982w · Cited by 60
van den Ende, D., van Kempen, S. E., Wu, X., et al. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4729814 · Cited by 60
Zhu, J., Liang, L., & Xuan, X. S. (2011) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-011-0849-7 · Cited by 60
“The magnetic force, Fm, on a particle (either magnetic or nonmagnetic) induced by magnetic field gradients is given by (Jones 1995; Pamme 2006; Suwa and Watarai 2011): Fm 1⁄4 3l0Vp vp vf 3þ vp þ 2vf H r ð ÞH”
BackgroundMethodElectrodeformation method for measuring the capacitance of bilayer membranes
Salipante, P. F., Knorr, R. L., Dimova, R., & Vlahovska, P. M. (2012) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c2sm07105c · Cited by 60
Calle, C. I., Chen, A. T., & Trigwell, S. (2008) · Cited by 60
Patchy Particle Packing under Electric Fields
Song, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5127903 · Cited by 60
Recent Achievements on Photovoltaic Optoelectronic Tweezers Based on Lithium Niobate
García-Cabañes, A., Blázquez‐Castro, A., Arizmendi, L., et al. (2018) · Crystals · doi:10.3390/cryst8020065 · Cited by 60
“The polarizability tensor αij depends on both the dielectric constants of the particle εp and of the surrounding medium εm, due to local field effects [30].”
BackgroundCrowther, C. V., Hilton, S. H., Kemp, L., et al. (2019) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.019 · Cited by 60
Particle transport by standing waves on an electric curtain
Liu, G., & Marshall, J. S. (2010) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2010.02.004 · Cited by 60
“Each particle in the electric field is subjected to both a Coulomb force Fc 1⁄4 QE and a dielectrophoretic force Fp 1⁄4 p$VE, where the particle-induced dipole moment p is proportional to the electric field vector E [33].”
MethodThe electromechanical principle of electrorheological fluid-assisted polishing
Kim, W. B., Lee, S. J., Kim, Y. J., et al. (2002) · International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture · doi:10.1016/s0890-6955(02)00143-8 · Cited by 60
Magnetophoresis of Nonmagnetic Particles in Ferrofluids
Gao, Y., Jian, Y. C., Zhang, L. F., & Huang, J. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp0705673 · Cited by 59
Salmanzadeh, A., Kittur, H., Sano, M. B., et al. (2012) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.3699973 · Cited by 59
Cellular and Colloidal Separation Using Optical Forces
Dholakia, K., MacDonald, M. P., Zemánek, P., et al. (2007) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(06)82017-0 · Cited by 59
“An analytic expression of this force shows that the DEP force is proportional to the gradient of the AC field E squared (Jones, 1995),”
BackgroundSimulation studies on electrothermal fluid flow induced in a dielectrophoretic microelectrode system
Chen, D. F., & Du, H. (2006) · Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/16/11/023 · Cited by 59
Sun, T., Bernabini, C., & Morgan, H. (2009) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la903609u · Cited by 60
Controlled decoration of carbon nanotubes with nanoparticles
Chen, J., & Lu, G. (2006) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/12/011 · Cited by 59
Hybrid opto-electric manipulation in microfluidics—opportunities and challenges
Kumar, A., Williams, S. J., Chuang, H.-S., et al. (2011) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c1lc20208a · Cited by 59
Braasch, K., Nikolic‐Jaric, M., Cabel, T., Salimi, E., Bridges, G. E., Thomson, D. J., & Butler, M. (2013) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.24976 · Cited by 60
Electro-orientation and electrorotation of metal nanowires
Arcenegui-Troya, J., García‐Sánchez, P., Morgan, H., et al. (2013) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.88.063018 · Cited by 59
Electrically controlled rapid release of actives encapsulated in double-emulsion droplets
Jia, Y., Ren, Y., Hou, L., et al. (2018) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c7lc01387f · Cited by 59
Sorting and manipulation of biological cells and the prospects for using optical forces
Atajanov, A., Zhbanov, A. I., & Yang, S. H. (2018) · Micro and Nano Systems Letters · doi:10.1186/s40486-018-0064-3 · Cited by 60
“The classic equation of the net dielectrophoretic force exerted by a nonuniform electric field on a lossless dielectric particle is given below [62]:”
BackgroundPapadakis, S. J., Gu, Z., & Gracias, D. H. (2006) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2209174 · Cited by 59
Electromagnetic Forces and Torques: From Dielectrophoresis to Optical Tweezers
Riccardi, M., & Martin, O. J. F. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00576 · Cited by 59
Saucedo‐Espinosa, M. A., & Lapizco‐Encinas, B. H. (2014) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201400408 · Cited by 58
“The interaction of the nonuniform electric field with the multipole results in net particle movement [13].”
BackgroundMicrofluidic Techniques for Analytes Concentration
Zhao, C., Ge, Z., & Yang, C. (2017) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi8010028 · Cited by 59
“When el ctrically polarizable particles/macromolecules are subject to in a nonuniform electric field, the particles experience dielectrophoretic (DEP) force [102], which can be used to trap the particles.”
BackgroundDielectrophoresis-based microfluidic platforms for cancer diagnostics
Chan, J. Y., Kayani, A. B. A., Ali, M. A. M., Kok, C. K., Majlis, B. Y., Hoe, S. L. L., Marzuki, M., Khoo, A. S. B., Ostrikov, K., Rahman, M. A., et al. (2018) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.5010158 · Cited by 59
Automatic microfluidic platform for cell separation and nucleus collection
Tai, C.-H., Hsiung, S.-K., Chen, C.-Y., Tsai, M.-L., & Lee, G. (2007) · Biomedical Microdevices · doi:10.1007/s10544-007-9061-7 · Cited by 58
Zhou, H., Preston, M. A., Tilton, R. D., et al. (2005) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.065 · Cited by 58
Electrorotation of Metallic Microspheres
Ren, Y., Morganti, D., Jiang, H., et al. (2011) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la104784m · Cited by 57
Liang, W., Wang, S., Dong, Z., et al. (2012) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi3020492 · Cited by 57
“The time-averaged DEP force exerted on a sphere in a fluidic medium is given as [20]:”
Mitigation of lunar dust adhered to mechanical parts of equipment used for lunar exploration
Kawamoto, H., & Miwa, T. (2011) · Journal of Electrostatics · doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2011.04.015 · Cited by 57
3-dimensional electrode patterning within a microfluidic channel using metal ion implantation
Choi, J., Rosset, S., Niklaus, M., et al. (2010) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/b917719a · Cited by 57
ISFET-Based Sensing and Electric Field Actuation of DNA for On-Chip Detection: A Review
Keeble, L., Moser, N., Rodríguez-Manzano, J., & Georgiou, P. (2020) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.2998168 · Cited by 62
Dielectrophoretic fluidic cell fractionation system
Li, Y., & Kaler, K. V. I. S. (2003) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.071 · Cited by 57
Low Frequency Electrorotation of Fixed Red Blood Cells
Georgieva, R. T., Neu, B., Shilov, V. M., et al. (1998) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77918-4 · Cited by 57
“Models for ellipsoidal particles seem to be more appropriate (Jones, 1995; Mu¨ller et al., 1993).”
BackgroundLocal-gated single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors assembled by AC dielectrophoresis
Stokes, P., & Khondaker, S. I. (2008) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/17/175202 · Cited by 57
“m −i where εp and ε m are the permittivity of the nanotube and solvent respectively, Kf is the Claussius-Mossotti factor, σ is the conductivity, and ω = 2πf is the frequency of the applied AC voltage [27]. The induced dipole moment of the nanotube interacting with the strong electric field causes the nanotubes to move…”
BackgroundInteraction between cells in dielectrophoresis and electrorotation experiments
Sancho, M., Martı́nez, G., Muñoz, S., et al. (2010) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/1.3454129 · Cited by 57
Rousselet, J., Markx, G. H., & Pethig, R. (1998) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00279-3 · Cited by 57
Gholami, R., Khoramishad, H., & da Silva, L. F. M. (2020) · Composite Structures · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112814 · Cited by 56
Magnetic ion-exchange nanoparticles and their application in proton exchange membranes
Brijmohan, S. B., & Shaw, M. T. (2007) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2007.06.066 · Cited by 56
Yan, S., Zhang, J., Li, M., et al. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep05060 · Cited by 56
Electrokinetics meets electrohydrodynamics
Bazant, M. Z. (2015) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.416 · Cited by 56
Zhao, K., & Li, D. (2017) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.184 · Cited by 56
Light programmable micro/nanomotors with optically tunable in-phase electric polarization
Liang, Z., Teal, D., & Fan, D. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13255-6 · Cited by 58
Bocchi, M., Lombardini, M., Faenza, A., et al. (2008) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.014 · Cited by 56
Dielectrophoretic oocyte selection chip for in vitro fertilization
Choi, W., Kim, J.-S., Lee, D., et al. (2007) · Biomedical Microdevices · doi:10.1007/s10544-007-9141-8 · Cited by 56
“Following established theory (Zimmermann and Vienken 1982; Jones 1995), the dielectrophoretic force acting on a spherical particle of radius a suspended in a medium of dielectric permittivity εm is described as follows: FDEP ¼ 2pa3"mRe fCM½ rE2 ð1Þ fCM ¼ " p " m " p þ 2" m ð2Þ where fCM is the…”
MethodDynamics of a sphere with inhomogeneous slip boundary conditions in Stokes flow
Willmott, G. R. (2008) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.77.055302 · Cited by 56
“17 19 v1 [ ph ys ic s. fl u- dy n] 1 1 Ja n 20 08 Dynamics of a sphere with inhomogeneous slip boundary conditions in Stokes flow”
BackgroundAnalysis of parasites by electrorotation
Dalton, C., Goater, A. D., Burt, J. P. H., et al. (2003) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02113.x · Cited by 56
“The theory of electrorotation has been reviewed in several articles (Arnold and Zimmermann 1988; Pethig 1991a; Schnelle et al. 1997) and described in several books (Pethig 1991b, 1994; Jones 1995; Morgan and Green 2003).”
BackgroundSelective dielectrophoretic manipulation of surface-immobilized DNA molecules
Germishuizen, W. A., lti, C. W., Wirtz, R., et al. (2003) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/14/8/310 · Cited by 56
Davalos, R. V., McGraw, G. J., Wallow, T. I., et al. (2007) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-007-1426-5 · Cited by 55
“The DEP force acting on a spherical particle can be described by the following [35, 36]:”
BackgroundReconfigurable assemblies of Janus rods in AC electric fields
Chaudhary, K., Juárez, J. J., Chen, Q., et al. (2013) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c3sm52418c · Cited by 55
Dielectrophoretic-activated cell sorter based on curved microelectrodes
Khoshmanesh, K., Zhang, C., Tovar-Lopez, F. J., Nahavandi, S., Baratchi, S., Mitchell, A., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2009) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-009-0558-7 · Cited by 56
“For a homogenous spherical particle, the time-averaged DEP force is given as below (Jones 2003):”
MethodCell Pairing Using Microwell Array Electrodes Based on Dielectrophoresis
Yoshimura, Y., Tomita, M., Mizutani, F., & Yasukawa, T. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac5015996 · Cited by 55
Heida, T., Rutten, W. L. C., & Marani, E. (2002) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/35/13/323 · Cited by 55
Formation of Polymer Microrods in Shear Flow by Emulsification − Solvent Attrition Mechanism
Alargova, R. G., Paunov, V. N., & Velev, O. D. (2005) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la051825v · Cited by 55
Electromechanical Response of Electrorheological Fluids and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Networks
Krause, S., & Bohon, K. (2001) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0108158 · Cited by 55
Zhao, Y., Lai, H. S. S., Zhang, G., Lee, G., & Li, W. J. (2014) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c4lc00795f · Cited by 55
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Directed assembly of gold nanoparticle nanowires and networks for nanodevices
Xiong, X., BUSNAINA, A. A., Selvarasah, S., et al. (2007) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2763967 · Cited by 54
Tin oxide nanosensor fabrication using AC dielectrophoretic manipulation of nanobelts
Kumar, S., Rajaraman, S., Gerhardt, R. A., et al. (2005) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.068 · Cited by 54
“Dielectrophoresis (DEP) [1,2] is the force induced on a olarizable particle suspended in a fluid medium under the nfluence of non-uniform electric fields.”
BackgroundMethodKwon, J., Maeng, J.-S., Chun, M., et al. (2007) · Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · doi:10.1007/s10404-007-0210-3 · Cited by 53
“The direction of a particle movement by DEP depends on the permittivity (or conductivity) difference between a particle and the surrounding fluid (Jones 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialA unified theory of dipolophoresis for nanoparticles
Miloh, T. (2008) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/1.2997344 · Cited by 53
LaLonde, A., Gencoglu, A., Romero‐Creel, M. F., et al. (2014) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.083 · Cited by 53
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, T. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Thomas B.
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1995-10-27
- OpenAlex
- W208653037
- Cited by
- 2,786
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 131 · 2014: 140 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 145
- FWCI
- 16.09
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- International Linear Collider (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Keywords
- particle manipulation, particle characterization, electrostatics, magnetostatics, particulate matter pollution, single-cell manipulation, DNA manipulation, fluidized bed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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