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ToMM, ToBY, and Agency: Core architecture and domain specificity
Abstract
Our understanding of Agency is, in part, the result of domain-specific learning. The nature of this domain-specific learning needs to be understood in relation to the organization of information processing in the infant. As a result of adaptive evolution, the infant is a specialized processor of information with an architecture that (in part) reflects properties of the world. On this assumption, it should be possible to establish links between properties of the world, processing subsystems specialized for tracking those properties, and domains of knowledge. It is argued in the case of Agency that three main classes of world properties are reflected in three corresponding processing subsystems producing three distinct levels of knowledge. These three related triples are, respectively, mechanical Agency, actional Agency, and attitudinal Agency. Each of these three linked property classes, processing subsystems, and knowledge levels are discussed in turn but the focus will be mainly on mechanical Agency. In developing these ideas this discussion deals more generally with the nature of early mechanical understanding and its relation to conceptual development. A number of the ideas put forward in Leslie (1988) are revised and extended. One lesson of cognitive science is that different types of knowledge often have different locations within the global organization of human information processing. In development, different types of commonsense knowledge may originate from different locations in core cognitive architecture. Early mechanical understanding and the notion of Agency can be studied within such a framework.
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“Our findings suggest that the effect of social and ecological complexity may be limited to influencing more specialized, and potentially domain-specific forms of cognition (188-196).”
From The evolution of self-control. (2014) · cites this paper as [194]
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The Mental Representation of Human Action
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“…we focus on so-called ‘‘modular’’ versions of internalist theory theory in what follows.6 According to modular theories, folk psychology depends on an innately specified, domain specific module that contains a folk psychological theory (e.g., Baron-Cohen, 1995; Fodor, 1992; Leslie, 1994).”
BackgroundMethodSpatial orienting following dynamic cues in infancy: Grasping hands versus inanimate objects.
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“Infants’ early sensitivity and preference for biological movement (e.g., Simion, Regolin, & Bulf, 2008) might suggest the former, but it has been argued that self-propelled movement of inanimate objects is perceived as intentional in early infancy (Baron-Cohen, 1995; Leslie, 1994; Premack, 1990).”
BackgroundNeuropsicología y Educación. De las Neuronas Espejo a la Teoría de la Mente
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“To see why Baillargeon et al.'s solution is problematic , it pays to consider an earlier account of false belief understanding proposed by Leslie (1987, 1994, 2000, 2005).”
BackgroundCriteria for an effective theory of consciousness and some preliminary attempts
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How Sophisticated Is Infants’ Theory of Mind?
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Self-citationThe influence of prosocial priming on visual perspective taking and automatic imitation
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The role of cognitive and socio-cognitive conflict in learning to reason
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Diversity and Unity of Modularity
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“The hypothesized “theory of mind” module is the third type of deep module (Baron-Cohen, 1994; Leslie, 1994).”
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Multi-robot belief propagation for distributed robot allocation
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Evolutionizing the Cognitive Sciences: A Reply to Shapiro and Epstein
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“In the last 15 years a series of new experimental findings have prompted domain-specific theories of these phenomena (and vice versa), with topics such as theory of mind (Baron-Cohen, 1995; Leslie, 1987), intuitive physics and object mechanics (Baillargeon, 1986; Spelke, 1988, 1990; Leslie, 1994 ), eye direction detec…”
BackgroundA theoretical perspective on social agency
Pollini, A. (2009) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-009-0189-2 · Cited by 18
“We can begin with defining Social Agency as the ability to act and react in a goal-directed fashion, giving contingent feedback and predicting the behaviour of others (Baron-Cohen 1995; Meltzoff 1995; Leslie 1994 ).”
MethodA longitudinal investigation of the still‐face effect at 6 months and joint attention at 12 months
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Causal Judgment in the Wild: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
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Indicators of causal agency in physical interactions: The role of the prior context
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“According to this approach, there are objects, dispositional agents, that are more agent-like than others and are therefore more likely to be assigned the agent role in causal interactions (see, e.g., Leslie, 1994; Rakison, 2005, 2006; Saxe, Tzelnic, & Carey, 2007).”
Träuble, B., & Pauen, S. (2010) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2010.07.002 · Cited by 17
Core Knowledge Confusions Among University Students
Lindeman, M., Svedholm‐Häkkinen, A. M., Takada, M., Lönnqvist, J., & Verkasalo, M. (2009) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-009-9210-x · Cited by 16
Stimulus-induced reversal of information flow through a cortical network for animacy perception
Shultz, S., van den Honert, R. N., Engell, A. D., & McCarthy, G. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu028 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Leslie, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Medical Research Council (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Leslie, Alan M.
- ORCID
- Leslie, Alan M.
- Venue
- Mapping the Mind
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1994-04-29
- Pages
- 119-148
- OpenAlex
- W1709947398
- Cited by
- 1,105
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 31.02
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- agency, domain-specific learning, commonsense knowledge, conceptual development, TOMM, adaptive evolution, knowledge level
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