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Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States

HACKER, JACOB S.·2004·American Political Science Review

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Abstract

Over the last decade, students of the welfare state have produced an impressive body of research on retrenchment, the dominant thrust of which is that remarkably few welfare states have experienced fundamental shifts. This article questions this now-conventional wisdom by reconsidering the post-1970s trajectory of the American welfare state, long considered the quintessential case of social policy stability. I demonstrate that although most programs have indeed resisted retrenchment, U.S. social policy has also offered increasingly incomplete risk protection in an era of dramatic social change. Although some of this disjuncture is inadvertent—an unintended consequence of the very political stickiness that has stymied retrenchment—I argue that the declining scope of risk protection also reflects deliberate and theoretically explicable strategies of reform adopted by welfare state opponents in the face of popular and change-resistant policies, a finding that has significant implications for the study of institutional change more broadly.

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Authors: HACKER, J. S.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: HACKER, JACOB S.
ORCID: HACKER, JACOB S.
Venue: American Political Science Review
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2004-05
Volume: 98
Issue: 2
Pages: 243-260
ISSN: 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
1537-5943
DOI: 10.1017/s0003055404001121
OpenAlex: W2125398298
Cited by: 1,543
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 63
FWCI: 137.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 51 d)
Locations: American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Social Policy and Reform Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Policy and Social Work in Brazil
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policy Transfer and Learning
Keywords: welfare state retrenchment, social policy, risk protection, institutional change, social policy reform, United States welfare state, social change

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Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States

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