The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary intake of fish and PUFA, and clinical depressive and anxiety disorders in women
Open accessAbstract
Fish and PUFA consumption are thought to play a role in mental health; however, many studies do not take into account multiple sources of PUFA. The present study analysed data from a sample of 935 randomly selected, population-based women aged 20–93 years. A validated and comprehensive dietary questionnaire ascertained the consumption of n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Another assessed fish and energy intake and provided data for a dietary quality score. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) measured psychological symptoms and a clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition) assessed depressive and anxiety disorders. Median dietary intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (310 mg/d) were below suggested dietary target levels. The only PUFA related to categorical depressive and anxiety disorders was DHA. There was a non-linear relationship between DHA intake and depression; those in the second tertile of DHA intake were nearly 70 % less likely to report a current depressive disorder compared to those in the first tertile. The relationship of DHA to anxiety disorders was linear; for those in the highest tertile of DHA intake, the odds for anxiety disorders were reduced by nearly 50 % after adjustments, including adjustment for diet quality scores, compared to the lowest tertile. Those who ate fish less than once per week had higher GHQ-12 scores, and this relationship was particularly obvious in smokers. These are the first observational data to indicate a role for DHA in anxiety disorders, but suggest that the relationship between DHA and depressive disorders may be non-linear.
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“And there is evidence that a nutrient-poor diet may lead to nutrient deficiencies, which have been associated with mental health issues [67, 68].”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
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“Consuming folate, zinc and magnesium is inversely associated with depressive disorders, whereas omega-3 fatty acids are inversely related to anxiety disorders.”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
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Cites
A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire
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Association of Western and Traditional Diets With Depression and Anxiety in Women
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Self-citationBurdge, G. C., & Wootton, S. A. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002689 · Cited by 812
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Dietary intakes and food sources of omega‐6 and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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Self-citationDepletion of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels in Red Blood Cell Membranes of Depressive Patients
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- First, 2002, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP)
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10 Anxiety and Mood Disorders in an Emergency Context
(2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315271149-14
Ghaffarian-Ensaf, R., Nadery, M., Khadem, A., Noori, S., Mirzaei, K., Keshavarz, S. A., & Movahedi, A. (2025) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-10-2024-0330
Bafkar, N., Zeraattalab-Motlagh, S., Jayedi, A., & Shab-Bidar, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26736075
Chen, H., Wang, J., Zheng, B., Xia, W., Tan, G., Wu, H., Wang, Y., Deng, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25998586
Cho, H., Choi, T., Jeong, J., Oh, J., Park, J., Boyer, L., Fond, G. B., Hajek, A., & Yon, D. K. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.121008
Metadata
- Authors
- Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Williams, L. J., Meyer, B. J., Digger, R., & Berk, M.
- Affiliations
- Barwon Health (AU)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jacka, Felice N.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-10-10
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2059-2066
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2102876510
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Australian Rotary Health
- University of Wollongong
- University of Melbourne
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (454356, 628912)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- fish consumption, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, depression, anxiety disorders, women, dietary intake, diet quality, nonlinear dose-response relationship, smoking, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Depressive Disorder, Diet, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Feeding Behavior, Female, Fishes, Health Status, Humans, Meat, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult
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