The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary intake of fish and PUFA, and clinical depressive and anxiety disorders in women
Open accessAbstract
Fish and PUFA consumption are thought to play a role in mental health; however, many studies do not take into account multiple sources of PUFA. The present study analysed data from a sample of 935 randomly selected, population-based women aged 20–93 years. A validated and comprehensive dietary questionnaire ascertained the consumption of n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Another assessed fish and energy intake and provided data for a dietary quality score. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) measured psychological symptoms and a clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition) assessed depressive and anxiety disorders. Median dietary intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (310 mg/d) were below suggested dietary target levels. The only PUFA related to categorical depressive and anxiety disorders was DHA. There was a non-linear relationship between DHA intake and depression; those in the second tertile of DHA intake were nearly 70 % less likely to report a current depressive disorder compared to those in the first tertile. The relationship of DHA to anxiety disorders was linear; for those in the highest tertile of DHA intake, the odds for anxiety disorders were reduced by nearly 50 % after adjustments, including adjustment for diet quality scores, compared to the lowest tertile. Those who ate fish less than once per week had higher GHQ-12 scores, and this relationship was particularly obvious in smokers. These are the first observational data to indicate a role for DHA in anxiety disorders, but suggest that the relationship between DHA and depressive disorders may be non-linear.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“And there is evidence that a nutrient-poor diet may lead to nutrient deficiencies, which have been associated with mental health issues [67, 68].”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Consuming folate, zinc and magnesium is inversely associated with depressive disorders, whereas omega-3 fatty acids are inversely related to anxiety disorders.”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire
Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700021644 · Cited by 5,639
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States
Kris-Etherton, P., Taylor, D. S., Yu-Poth, S., Huth, P., Moriarty, K., Fishell, V., Hargrove, R. L., Zhao, G., & Etherton, T. D. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.1.179s · Cited by 1,023
Association of Western and Traditional Diets With Depression and Anxiety in Women
Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Mykletun, A., Williams, L. J., Hodge, A. M., O'Reilly, S. L., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060881 · Cited by 847
Self-citationBurdge, G. C., & Wootton, S. A. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002689 · Cited by 812
Hodge, A. M., Patterson, A. J., Brown, W. J., Ireland, P. D., & Giles, G. G. (2000) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb00520.x · Cited by 632
Dietary intakes and food sources of omega‐6 and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Meyer, B. J., Mann, N. J., Lewis, J. L., Milligan, G. C., Sinclair, A. J., & Howe, P. R. C. (2003) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-003-1074-0 · Cited by 596
Self-citationDepletion of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels in Red Blood Cell Membranes of Depressive Patients
Peet, M., Murphy, B., Shay, J., & Horrobin, D. F. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00206-0 · Cited by 585
Adams, P. B., Lawson, S., Sanigorski, A. J., & Sinclair, A. J. (1996) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02637069 · Cited by 468
Maes, M. H. J., Christophe, A. B., Delanghe, J., Altamura, C. A., Neels, H. M., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00014-1 · Cited by 452
Maes, M., Smith, R., Christophe, A., Cosyns, P., Desnyder, R., & Meltzer, H. (1996) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(95)00092-5 · Cited by 417
A prospective study of diet quality and mental health in adolescents
Jacka, F. N., Kremer, P. J., Berk, M., de Silva-Sanigorski, A. M., Moodie, M., Leslie, E. R., Pasco, J. A., & Swinburn, B. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024805 · Cited by 374
Self-citationFish Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in the General Population in Finland
Tanskanen, A. J., Hibbeln, J. R., Tuomilehto, J., Uutela, A. K., Haukkala, A., Viinamäki, H. T., Lehtonen, J., & Vartiainen, E. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.4.529 · Cited by 360
Appleton, K. M., Rogers, P. J., & Ness, A. R. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28313 · Cited by 353
Dietary intake of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: contribution of meat sources
Howe, P. R. C., Meyer, B. J., Record, S. J., & Baghurst, K. I. (2005) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2005.05.009 · Cited by 334
Self-citationJacka, F. N., Mykletun, A., Berk, M., Bjelland, I., & Tell, G. S. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318222831a · Cited by 304
Self-citationHamazaki, T., Sawazaki, S., Itomura, M., Asaoka, E., Nagao, Y., Nishimura, N., Yazawa, K., Kuwamori, T., & Kobayashi, M. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118507 · Cited by 275
Is Low Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Associated With Depression?
Rintamäki, R. M., Partonen, T., Haukka, J. K., Virtamo, J. R. K., Albanes, D., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.567 · Cited by 273
Cohort Profile: Geelong Osteoporosis Study
Pasco, J. A., Nicholson, G. C., & Kotowicz, M. A. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr148 · Cited by 264
Self-citationFish consumption and depression: the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study
Timonen, M. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.02.002 · Cited by 242
Fish consumption and self-reported physical and mental health status
Silvers, K. M., & Scott, K. M. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2001308 · Cited by 230
Murakami, K., Mizoue, T., Sasaki, S., Ohta, M., Sato, M., Matsushita, Y., & Mishima, N. (2007) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.10.013 · Cited by 224
Depressive symptoms, omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids, and inflammation in older adults.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Belury, M. A., Porter, K., Beversdorf, D. Q., Lemeshow, S., & Glaser, R. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3180313a45 · Cited by 212
Long chain omega-3 fatty acids intake, fish consumption and mental disorders in the SUN cohort study
Sánchez‐Villegas, A., Henríquez, P., Figueiras, A., Ortuño, F., Lahortiga‐Ramos, F., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2007) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-007-0671-x · Cited by 187
Song, C., Li, X., Leonard, B. E., & Horrobin, D. F. (2003) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m300217-jlr200 · Cited by 161
Colangelo, L. A., He, K., Whooley, M. A., Daviglus, M. L., & Liu, K. (2009) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.12.008 · Cited by 158
Dietary Intake and Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Murakami, K., & Sasaki, S. (2010) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200900157 · Cited by 148
Diet Quality Is Associated with Higher Nutrient Intake and Self-Rated Health in Mid-Aged Women
Collins, C. E., Young, A. F., & Hodge, A. M. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719686 · Cited by 147
Green, P., Hermesh, H., Monselise, A., Marom, S., Presburger, G., & Weizman, A. (2005) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.07.005 · Cited by 127
Diet quality in bipolar disorder in a population-based sample of women
Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Mykletun, A., Williams, L. J., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.004 · Cited by 100
Self-citationAppleton, K. M., Peters, T. J., Hayward, R. C., Heatherley, S. V., McNaughton, S. A., Rogers, P. J., Gunnell, D., Ness, A., & Kessler, D. S. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0142-3 · Cited by 94
Appleton, K. M., Woodside, J. V., YARNELL, J. W. G., Arveiler, D., Haas, B., Amouyel, P., Montaye, M., Ferrières, J., Ruidavets, J., Ducimetière, P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.012 · Cited by 94
A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder
Mischoulon, D., Best-Popescu, C. A., Laposata, M., Merens, W., Murakami, J. L., Wu, S. L., Papakostas, G. I., Dording, C. M., Sonawalla, S. B., Nierenberg, A. A., et al. (2008) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.04.011 · Cited by 90
Long-Term Fish Intake Is Associated With Less Severe Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Men and Women
Bountziouka, V., Polychronopoulos, E., Zeimbekis, A., Papavenetiou, E., Ladoukaki, E., Papairakleous, N., Gotsis, E., Metallinos, G., Lionis, C. D., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2009) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264309340693 · Cited by 83
Swierk, M., Williams, P., Wilcox, J., Russell, K. G., & Meyer, B. J. (2010) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2010.06.011 · Cited by 83
Self-citationLakshmikuttyamma, A., & Vijayammal, P. L. (1996) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199607)16:4 · Cited by 78
Wolfe, A. R., Ogbonna, E. M., Lim, S., Li, Y., & Zhang, J. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.05.002 · Cited by 78
Sontrop, J. M., Avison, W. R., Evers, S. E., Speechley, K. N., & Campbell, M. K. (2008) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00941.x · Cited by 60
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Decrease Anxiety Feelings in a Population of Substance Abusers
Buydens‐Branchey, L., & Branchey, M. H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000246214.49271.f1 · Cited by 58
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 1995, Nutrient Data Table for Use in Australia
- 2003, Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults. A Guide to Healthy Eating
- First, 2002, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota
Costantini, L., Molinari, R., Farinon, B., & Merendino, N. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18122645 · Cited by 741
Relationship Between Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
O’Neil, A., Quirk, S. E., Housden, S., Brennan, S. L., Williams, L. J., Pasco, J. A., Berk, M., & Jacka, F. N. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302110 · Cited by 734
Self-citationNutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety
Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Petersen, K. S., Hibbeln, J. R., Hurley, D. L., Kolick, V., Peoples, S., Rodriguez, N. R., & Woodward-Lopez, G. M. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025 · Cited by 342
Grosso, G., Micek, A., Marventano, S., Castellano, S., Mistretta, A., Pajak, A., & Galvano, F. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.011 · Cited by 244
The role of the gut microbiota in dietary interventions for depression and anxiety
Bear, T. L. K., Dalziel, J. E., Coad, J., Roy, N. C., Butts, C. A., & Gopal, P. K. (2020) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa016 · Cited by 229
Metadata
- Authors
- Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Williams, L. J., Meyer, B. J., Digger, R., & Berk, M.
- Affiliations
- Barwon Health (AU)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jacka, Felice N.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-10-10
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2059-2066
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2102876510
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Australian Rotary Health
- University of Wollongong
- University of Melbourne
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (454356, 628912)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- fish consumption, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, depression, anxiety disorders, women, dietary intake, diet quality, nonlinear dose-response relationship, smoking, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Depressive Disorder, Diet, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Feeding Behavior, Female, Fishes, Health Status, Humans, Meat, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
