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Cited by 95Nutritional Studies and DietFood composition and propertiesConsumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

Whole-grain products and whole-grain types are associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Scandinavian HELGA cohort

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Johnsen, Nina F., Frederiksen, Kirsten, Christensen, Jane, Skeie, Guri, Lund, Eiliv, Landberg, Rikard, Johansson, Ingegerd, Nilsson, Lena M. +4 more·2015·British Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1017/s0007114515001701
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Abstract

No study has yet investigated the intake of different types of whole grain (WG) in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a healthy population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intake of WG products and WG types in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Scandinavian HELGA cohort that, in 1992-8, included 120 010 cohort members aged 30-64 years from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, and the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study. Participants filled in a FFQ from which data on the intake of WG products were extracted. The estimation of daily intake of WG cereal types was based on country-specific products and recipes. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and 95 % CI were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 3658 women and 4181 men died during the follow-up (end of follow-up was 15 April 2008 in the Danish sub-cohort, 15 December 2009 in the Norwegian sub-cohort and 15 February 2009 in the Swedish sub-cohort). In the analyses of continuous WG variables, we found lower all-cause mortality with higher intake of total WG products (women: MRR 0·89 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·91); men: MRR 0·89 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·91) for a doubling of intake). In particular, intake of breakfast cereals and non-white bread was associated with lower mortality. We also found lower all-cause mortality with total intake of different WG types (women: MRR 0·88 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·92); men: MRR 0·88 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·91) for a doubling of intake). In particular, WG oat, rye and wheat were associated with lower mortality. The associations were found in both women and men and for different causes of deaths. In the analyses of quartiles of WG intake in relation to all-cause mortality, we found lower mortality in the highest quartile compared with the lowest for breakfast cereals, non-white bread, total WG products, oat, rye (only men), wheat and total WG types. The MRR for highest v. lowest quartile of intake of total WG products was 0·68 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·75, P trend over quartiles< 0·0001) for women and 0·75 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·81, P trend over quartiles< 0·0001) for men. The MRR for highest v. lowest quartile of intake of total WG types was 0·74 (95 % CI 0·67, 0·81, P trend over quartiles< 0·0001) for women and 0·75 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·82, P trend over quartiles< 0·0001) for men. Despite lower statistical power, the analyses of cause-specific mortality according to quartiles of WG intake supported these results. In conclusion, higher intake of WG products and WG types was associated with lower mortality among participants in the HELGA cohort. The study indicates that intake of WG is an important aspect of diet in preventing early death in Scandinavia.

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Authors
Johnsen, N. F., Frederiksen, K., Christensen, J., Skeie, G., Lund, E., Landberg, R., Johansson, I., Nilsson, L. M., Halkjær, J., Olsen, A., Overvad, K., & Tjønneland, A.
Affiliations
  • Danish Cancer Society (DK)
  • UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Umeå University (SE)
  • Arctic Research Centre (SE)
  • Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author
Johnsen, Nina F.
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2015-07-23
Volume
114
Issue
4
Pages
608-623
ISSN
  • 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2662
DOI
10.1017/s0007114515001701
OpenAlex
W1958985997
Cited by
95
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 2
FWCI
11.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Universitetet i Tromsø
  • NordForsk
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
Keywords
whole grains, whole grain products, all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, breakfast cereals, oat, rye, wheat, dietary intake, healthy adults, sex differences, Scandinavian populations, cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, liver disease mortality, diabetes mortality, dementia mortality, dietary habits
MeSH terms
Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Edible Grain, Denmark, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food Handling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Neoplasms, Norway, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Risk Factors, Secale, Triticum, Proportional Hazards Models, Avena

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