ERRATUM
Open accessAbstract
Whole-grain and high fiber intakes are routinely recommended for prevention of vascular diseases; however, there are no comprehensive and quantitative assessments of available data in humans. The aim of this study was to systematically examine longitudinal studies investigating whole-grain and fiber intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), weight gain, and metabolic risk factors. We identified 45 prospective cohort studies and 21 randomized-controlled trials (RCT) between 1966 and February 2012 by searching the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, Elsevier Medical Database, and PubMed. Study characteristics, whole-grain and dietary fiber intakes, and risk estimates were extracted using a standardized protocol. Using random effects models, we found that compared with never/rare consumers of whole grains, those consuming 48-80 g whole grain/d (3-5 serving/d) had an ~26% lower risk of T2D [RR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.80)], ~21% lower risk of CVD [RR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.85)], and consistently less weight gain during 8-13 y (1.27 vs 1.64 kg; P = 0.001). Among RCT, weighted mean differences in post-intervention circulating concentrations of fasting glucose and total and LDL-cholesterol comparing whole-grain intervention groups with controls indicated significantly lower concentrations after whole-grain interventions [differences in fasting glucose: -0.93 mmol/L (95% CI: -1.65, -0.21), total cholesterol: -0.83 mmol/L (-1.23, -0.42); and LDL-cholesterol: -0.82 mmol/L (-1.31, -0.33)]. [corrected] Findings from this meta-analysis provide evidence to support beneficial effects of whole-grain intake on vascular disease prevention. Potential mechanisms responsible for whole grains' effects on metabolic intermediates require further investigation in large intervention trials.
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High intake of whole grains has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and obesity.
“A high intake of whole grains has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,5 coronary heart disease,6 and obesity.6”
Two previous meta-analyses suggested an inverse association between high versus low intake of whole grains and coronary heart disease, but no dose-response analyses were conducted.
“Although two previous meta-analyses suggested an inverse association between high versus low intake of whole grains and coronary heart disease,6 30 no dose-response analyses were conducted”
Most previous meta-analyses considered only selected disease endpoints and did not conduct dose-response analyses.
“most previous meta-analyses considered only selected disease endpoints and did not conduct dose-response analyses.6 30”
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Retracted
- Authors
- Ye, E. Q., Chacko, S. A., Chou, E. L., Kugizaki, M., & Liu, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1348
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6498460
- OpenAlex
- W2117488979
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 9
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2013-09-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK062290, R56DK062290)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR002635)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- whole grains, dietary fiber, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, weight gain, metabolic risk factors, vascular disease prevention, fasting blood glucose, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Edible Grain, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Food Handling, Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Obesity, Risk, Weight Gain
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