Cited by 366Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Primary anxiety disorders and the development of subsequent alcohol use disorders: a 4-year community study of adolescents and young adults

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ZIMMERMANN, P., WITTCHEN, H.-U., HÖFLER, M., PFISTER, H., KESSLER, R. C., LIEB, R.·2003·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291703008158

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Abstract

Background. Cross-sectional findings in community surveys of adults suggest that adolescent anxiety disorders are strong predictors of the subsequent onset of alcohol use, abuse and dependence. However, prospective data that follow a sample of adolescents into adulthood are needed to confirm these associations. Method. Baseline and 4-year follow-up data from the EDSP-Study, a prospective community survey of 3021 (2548 at follow-up) adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 24 years at baseline carried out in Munich, were used. DSM-IV anxiety disorders, alcohol use and alcohol use disorders were assessed with the Munich-Composite-International-Diagnostic-Interview (M-CIDI). Multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, other mental disorders, substance use disorders and antisocial behaviour was used to study the associations of baseline anxiety disorders with the subsequent onset and course of alcohol use and alcohol disorders. Results. Baseline social phobia significantly predicts the onsets of regular use and hazardous use and the persistence of dependence. Panic attacks significantly predict the onsets of hazardous use and abuse as well as the persistence of combined abuse/dependence. Panic disorder significantly predicts the persistence of combined abuse/dependence. Other anxiety disorders do not significantly predict any of the outcomes. Conclusions. Panic and social phobia are predictors of subsequent alcohol problems among adolescents and young adults. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and the potential value of targeted early treatment of primary panic and social phobia to prevent secondary alcohol use disorders.

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Authors: ZIMMERMANN, P., WITTCHEN, H.-U., HÖFLER, M., PFISTER, H., KESSLER, R. C., & LIEB, R.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
ORCID: ZIMMERMANN, P.
HÖFLER, M.
KESSLER, R. C.
LIEB, R.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2003-09-25
Volume: 33
Issue: 7
Pages: 1211-1222
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291703008158
OpenAlex: W2142342583
Cited by: 366
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 7.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
tud.qucosa.de
Licence: other-oa
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA011121)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: alcoholism, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, adolescents, young adults, hazardous drinking, alcohol abuse
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Phobic Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Causality, Panic Disorder

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Primary anxiety disorders and the development of subsequent alcohol use disorders: a 4-year community study of adolescents and young adults

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