Population promotion of informal self-help strategies for early intervention against depression and anxiety
Abstract
Much of the burden of depression and anxiety in the population is attributable to subclinical symptoms. Broadening formal health-care systems to treat subclinical depression and anxiety is not the answer to reducing this burden, because health-care systems lack the resources even to provide optimal care to clinical cases. The solution proposed is the population-wide dissemination of informal self-help strategies that have evidence for effectiveness. These are highly acceptable to the public, easily applied, inexpensive and may avert the development of many clinical cases.
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Online services often include information about mental health literacy [83], providing young people with information about mental illness, where to get help, and what to expect at services.
“Furthermore, online services often include information about mental health literacy [83], providing young people with information about mental illness, where to get help, and what to expect at services.”
From Do online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [83]
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BackgroundSelf-citationDo online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review
Kauer, S. D., Mangan, C., & Sanci, L. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3103 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“Furthermore, online services often include information about mental health literacy [83], providing young people with information about mental illness, where to get help, and what to expect at services.”
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“It has been proposed that self-help strategies may relieve some of the burden on health care services (Jorm & Griffiths, 2006) and, with the increasing use of internet and computer technologies, the computerisation of psychological interventions appears a logical step to achieve the provision of…”
BackgroundPrevention and early intervention to improve mental health in higher education students: A review
Reavley, N., & Jorm, A. F. (2010) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00167.x · Cited by 273 · see citing works
“An intervention to improve mental health in higher education students should therefore include education about self-help approaches.(101) Those which have been shown to have some evidence of effectiveness include cognitive–behavioural e-health interventions, and exercise and relaxation interventions.”
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Thai, Q. C. N., & Nguyen, T. H. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0195-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Jorm AF, Griffiths KM. Population promotion of informal self-help strategies for early intervention against depression and anxiety.”
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“Examining the therapeutic value of CBM in subclinical populations may be particularly important given the gaps in treatment provision due to limited resources in health care, which prioritizes more severe and urgent conditions ( Jorm & Griffiths, 2006).”
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“Future evaluative frameworks may also consider criteria related to support in the form of self-help strategies, as the method has the potential to relieve some of the burden on existing health care services [67] and has provided positive results for mental health interventions in individual research studies [68].”
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Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.015 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Jorm and Griffiths (2006) proposed that engaging in effective self-help strategies could be an alternative to the use of costly professional treatments that might be better reserved for people with full disorders.”
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“Promoting self-help strategies that have an evidence base for their effectiveness to members of the public with depression may help to reduce the population burden from depression (Jorm & Griffiths, 2006).”
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“Health promotion campaigns encouraging the public to use effective self-help strategies for depression symptoms could be a cost-effective solution to reducing population disease burden [11].”
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“Further, studies show that mental health services often provide information about mental health, leading to an increased mental health literacy [22].”
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“In particular, many participants in our study developed or endorsed content supporting positive thinking, relaxation, and self-care strategies that have become broadly popular as “self-help” [32,90,103], and that can be effective for managing less severe mental health concerns [53].”
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“Promoting effective self-help strategies to the public as an early intervention strategy has been suggested as one way to help with the large burden of disease of depression [9].”
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Green, M. A., Perez, G., Ornelas, I. J., Tran, A. N., Blumenthal, C., Lyn, M., & Corbie-Smith, G. M. (2012) · Californian Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.32398/cjhp.v10isi-latino.1482 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Three waves of action form the constructs of the OWA model proposed by Jorm and Griffiths (2006). Presumptions of the OWA model suggest a) untreated pre-clinical anxiety and depression leads to an exacerbation of symptoms and their physical and psychological manifestations and b) individuals seeking relief rely on str…”
MethodSub-threshold mental health syndromes: finding an alternative to the medication of unhappiness.
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“In fact, according to various international studies, most patients with mental disorders resort to a more extensive use of alternative therapies (Jorm, 1994, 2000; Jorm, Angermeyer, & Katschnig, 2000; Jorm & Griffiths, 2006; Mamtani & Cimino, 2002) or an unconventional type of medicine.”
BackgroundDecisional support for young people who self-harm: protocol for a feasibility trial
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“Web-based interventions have been associated with increased mental health literacy and reduced levels of stigma connected to help-seeking ([27]; [28]; [29] in [30]).”
BackgroundCluster randomised controlled trial of a guided self-help mental health intervention in primary care
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“In addition, there is a small evidence base developing in relation to self-help for sub-threshold syndromes (Jorm & Griffiths, 2006).”
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“46,56 Even in cases where an individual may have an initial awareness of a particular self-help strategy, Internet-based mechanisms may serve to remind, encourage, or prompt individuals to actually engage in behavior change.”
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“These included behaviors such as yoga, journaling, and meditation, which have been shown to improve mental and physical health (Jorm & Griffiths, 2006).”
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“These findings support the notion that engaging in self-help strategies promotes a sense of self-efficacy among individuals with mental distress (Jorm and Griffiths, 2006).”
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“The promotion of effective self-help strategies to the general public as an early intervention strategy has been recommended as a method to reduce the burden of depression without placing a burden on healthcare resources [19].”
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“Self-management strategies and complementary and alternative treatments are commonly turned to in response to unmet health and wellbeing needs (Jorm and Griffiths 2006; McIntyre et al. 2015).”
SunGold Kiwifruit and Psychological Health (GoKiPH): A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial
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“, 2001; Jorm and Griffiths, 2006) or that the very symptoms of anxiety are an obstacle to help-seeking (Jorm and Griffiths, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialPublic knowledge and awareness about mental illnesses
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Self-citationMental Health of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Mellor, C. (2016) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Morgan, A. S. (2014) · YorkSpace (York University)
Dempsey, C. J. W. (2011) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
Garay, C. J., & Korman, G. P. (2008) · XV Jornadas de Investigación y Cuarto Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del Mercosur
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- Authors
- JORM, A. F., & GRIFFITHS, K. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2005-07-22
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-6
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2059739395
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, anxiety, subclinical symptoms, early intervention, prevention, cost-effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depression, Health Promotion, Humans, Self-Help Groups, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Cost of Illness
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