Brainstem volumetric alterations in children with autism
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Although several studies have examined brainstem volume in autism, results have been mixed and no investigation has specifically measured gray- and white-matter structures. The aim of this investigation was to assess gray- and white-matter volumes in children with autism. METHOD: Subjects included 22 right-handed, non-mentally retarded boys with autism and 22 gender- and age-matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained using a 1.5-T scanner and volumetric measurements were performed using the BRAINS2 software package. Gray- and white-matter volumes were measured using a semi-automated segmentation process. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age and total brain volume (TBV) between the two groups but full-scale IQ was higher in controls. A decrease in brainstem gray-matter volume was observed in the autism group before and after controlling for TBV. No significant differences were observed in white-matter volume. A significant relationship was observed between brainstem gray-matter volume and oral sensory sensitivity as measured by the Sensory Profile Questionnaire (SPQ). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study are suggestive of brainstem abnormalities in autism involving gray-matter structures with evidence supporting the existence of a relationship between these alterations and sensory deficits. These results are consistent with previous investigations and support the existence of disturbances in brainstem circuitry thought to be implicated in the sensory dysfunction observed in autism.
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Evidence from neuropathology and electrophysiology implicates the brainstem in ASD.
“Evidence from neuropathology (96) and electrophysiology (97) also implicate the brainstem in ASD; morphometric studies of individuals with ASD have revealed reduced grey and white matter in the pons, and brainstem more broadly (90;e.g., 98).”
From Aberrant Striatal Functional Connectivity in Children with Autism (2011) · cites this paper as [96]
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- Authors
- Jou, R. J., Minshew, N. J., Melhem, N. M., Keshavan, M. S., & Hardan, A. Y.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hardan, A. Y.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-09-24
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1347-1354
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC2888007
- OpenAlex
- W2163402963
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH064027, MH-64027)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD055748)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, brainstem, gray matter volume, white matter volume, sensory sensitivity, children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Brain Stem, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Dominance, Cerebral, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Nerve Net, Organ Size, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Values, Software, Statistics as Topic, Wechsler Scales
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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