The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Applying the Competition Model to bilingualism
Abstract
This special issue brings together a set of four papers devoted to the experimental study of sentence processing by bilinguals in their second language. The basic finding reported in this research is that, in many cases, learners transfer their LI sentence processing strategies onto sentence processing in L2. Moreover, the influence of this transfer can be detected in weakened form even in fluent bilinguals who have spoken L2 for many years. In effect, these studies report on a kind of comprehension analog to “foreign accent” that first came to light during work on sentence comprehension within the framework of the Competition Model of Bates and MacWhinney (1982).
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“In these ways, unconscious learning processes, which occur automatically during language usage, are necessary in developing the rationality of fluency”
From AT THE INTERFACE: DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (2005) · cites this paper as MacWhinney, 1987b
In the citing paper
“Contingency learning is central to the competition model, a psycholinguistic theory of language acquisition and sentence processing (MacWhinney, 1987;MacWhinney & Bates, 1989), as well as to other psycholinguistic models of construction learning such as the rational learning of form-function contingencies (N.C. Ellis, 2006).”
From Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing (2022) · cites this paper as MacWhinney, 1987
Citations
Cites
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Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 20
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- 10.2307/413213 · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Mislevy, R. J. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315871691-2 · Cited by 1
Kester, E. S. (2002) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Semantic Categorization in Portuguese-English Bilinguals
McLeod, L. M. (2015) · doi:10.25148/etd.fi15050207 · Cited by 1
Dynamics of plurilingual processing
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.007
Sentence Processing Among Native vs. Nonnative Speakers: Implications for Critical Period Hypothesis
Nezakat-Alhossaini, M., Youhanaee, M., & Moinzadeh, A. (2014) · Journal of research in applied linguistic studies/Journal of research in applied linguistics
Dynamics of convergence and transference
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.005
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.009
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.011
A Scalable Set of ESL Reading Comprehension Items.
Perkins, K. (2002)
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Tamaji, M. (2009) · Waseda University Repository (Waseda University)
CHAPTER 10 Statistical Measures for Usage-Based Linguistics
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Dynamics of cultural values in contact discourse
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.008
Tamaji, M., & Horie, K. (2007) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.004
Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.010
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Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Adult EFL Learners in Taiwan
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Mufwene, S. S. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.001
WHODUNNIT? Language interaction in identification of sentential subjects in Wales and Patagonia
Gathercole, V. C. M., Pérez-Tattam, R. S., Stadthagen-González, H., Laporte, N. I., & THOMAS, E. M. (2017) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2017.1322550
Processing (in)efficiency in the second language
Marull, C. (2017) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3n58q7k
CROSS-LINGUISTIC EFFECTS OF ARABIC EXPERIENCE ON L3 LEARNING AND EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
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Competition Model and Contrastive Lexical Competition
Ziafar, M., & Namaziandost, E. (2019) · Journal of Humanities and Education Development · doi:10.22161/jhed.1.6.1
Yamakawa, K., Sugino, N., Ohba, H., NAKANO, M. M., Shimizu, Y., & Nagano, M. (2008)
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Janssen, B., & Meir, N. (2021) · Benjamins current topics · doi:10.1075/bct.117.10jan
A Psycholinguistic Study of Codeswitching: Data from Burundian Multilingual Adult Speakers
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Clyne, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606526.002
Characteristics of Second Language Reading Processing
AlJamal, N. (2023) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i3-56
Bilectal Investigations of Grammar A Clitic Placement View from Cyprus
Grohmann, K. Κ., Pavlou, N., Fotiou, C., & Leivada, E. (2024) · doi:10.30687/978-88-6969-802-6/001
Linguistic issues in the competence and performance of hearing-impaired children: The GAEL Test.
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Literacy and Language Acquisition Theory
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Cross-Language Transfer in Bilingual and Biliteracy Development
(2013) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-61735-867-820251038
Kawaguchi, S., Biase, B. D., & Ho, T. T. H. (2026) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages11070136
Reading experience and proficiency as predictors of relative clause attachment in L2 English
Ovín-Rodríguez, A. (2026) · The Journal of English Studies · doi:10.18172/jes.7198
Metadata
- Authors
- Macwhinney, B.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Macwhinney, Brian
- ORCID
- Macwhinney, Brian
- Venue
- Applied Psycholinguistics
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1987-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 315-327
- ISSN
- 0142-7164 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1817
- OpenAlex
- W1970798168
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Psycholinguistics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Keywords
- bilingual sentence processing, competition model, language transfer, first language influence, second language comprehension, foreign accent, bilingualism
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