The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Task-Based Instruction
Abstract
In the last twenty years or so, language teaching has changed to incorporate a higher proportion of meaning-based activities, in contrast to the era in which form was primary and a concern for meaning only followed the establishment of control over specific forms. Now, a wide range of classroom options are available for participant organization, content incorporation, and the units by which teaching is organized. In order to locate task-based work within such a range of options, it is necessary to address definitional issues at the outset, since many different contemporary options give task a central role. For the purposes of this chapter, a task is regarded as an activity which satisfies the following criteria:
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Role of Consciousness in Second Language Learning1
SCHMIDT, R. W. (1990) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/11.2.129 · Cited by 5,435 · cited 1×
“Schmidt (1990) and Van Patten (1990) have argued that limited processing capacities require second language learners to prioritize where they allocate attention, and there is growing interest in applying models of attention from psycholinguistics to the second language case (Robinson 1995).”
BackgroundCORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND LEARNER UPTAKE: Negotiation of Form in Communicative Classrooms
Lyster, R., & Ranta, L. (1997) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263197001034 · Cited by 2,629 · cited 1×
“(See Lyster and Ranta 1997 for an alternative perspective on the incidence and functioning of recasts.)”
BackgroundThe development of fluency in advanced learners of French
TOWELL, R., HAWKINS, R., & BAZERGUI, N. (1996) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/17.1.84 · Cited by 482
Planning and Interlanguage Variation
Crookes, G. (1989) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100008391 · Cited by 431
Communicating about Grammar: A Task-Based Approach
Fotos, S., & Ellis, R. (1991) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587079 · Cited by 408
Interlanguage Variability in Narrative Discourse: Style Shifting in the Use of the Past Tense
Ellis, R. (1987) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100006483 · Cited by 372
Pica, T., Lincoln-Porter, F., Paninos, D., & Linnell, J. (1996) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587607 · Cited by 302
The Effects of Referential Questions on ESL Classroom Discourse
Brock, C. A. (1986) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586388 · Cited by 257 · cited 2×
“A typical approach is to take a basic unit, such as the T-unit (Crookes 1989) or the c-unit (Brock 1986) and then explore the number of clauses used on average per base unit.”
Method
Cited by
Task‐based language teaching: sorting out the misunderstandings
Ellis, R. (2009) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2009.00231.x · Cited by 1,031
Introduction: Investigating Form‐Focused Instruction
Ellis, R. (2001) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.2001.tb00013.x · Cited by 826
Task-based research and language pedagogy
Ellis, R. (2000) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/136216880000400302 · Cited by 579
The role of individual and social variables in oral task performance
Dörnyei, Z., & Kormos, J. (2000) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/136216880000400305 · Cited by 562
Online Communication in Language Learning and Teaching
Lamy, M.-N., & Hampel, R. (2007) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230592681 · Cited by 345
Metadata
- Authors
- Skehan, P.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Applied Linguistics
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 268-286
- ISSN
- 0267-1905 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-6356
- OpenAlex
- W2114427138
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 28.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Task-Based Instruction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0267190500003585
- The paper
- Skehan, P. (1998). Task-Based Instruction. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003585
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.