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The demography of an African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) population in Amboseli, Kenya

Moss, Cynthia J.·2001·Journal of Zoology

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Abstract

This paper presents basic demographic parameters of African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) living in and around Amboseli National Park, Kenya. The study was conducted from 1972 to the present and results are based on the histories of 1778 individually known elephants. From 1972 to 1978, the Amboseli elephant population declined and then increased steadily from 1979 to the present. Births occurred throughout the year but over 80% occurred between November and May. Birth rate varied from year to year with a pattern of peaks and troughs at 4‐ to 5‐year intervals. The birth sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1. Mean age at first birth was 14.1 years, determined from a sample of 546 known‐age females. Mean birth interval ( n = 732) was 4.5 years for 255 females. Fecundity and calf survival varied by age of the females. Mortality fluctuated from year to year. Sex‐specific mortality rates were consistently higher for males than females at all ages.

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Authors: Moss, C. J.
Corresponding author: Moss, Cynthia J.
ORCID: Moss, Cynthia J.
Venue: Journal of Zoology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2001-10
Volume: 255
Issue: 2
Pages: 145-156
ISSN: 0952-8369 (ISSN-L)
1469-7998
DOI: 10.1017/s0952836901001212
OpenAlex: W2138633487
Cited by: 374
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 6.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1611 d)
Locations: Journal of Zoology (publishedVersion)
Funders: Princeton University
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords: Loxodonta africana, demography, Amboseli National Park, birth rate, sex ratio at birth, age at first birth, birth interval, fecundity, calf survival, sex differences in mortality

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The demography of an African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) population in Amboseli, Kenya

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