The socioecology of elephants: analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures
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All species of elephants form large social networks with hierarchical, multi-level organisation.
“All species of elephants form large social networks, with hierarchical, multi-level organisation”
From Elephant cognition. (2008) · cites this paper as Wittemyer, G., Douglas-Hamilton, I., and Getz, W.N. (2005)
Five social tiers have been distinguished within an elephant population, hierarchically arranged to form a fluid, fission-fusion society.
“Five social tiers have been distinguished within an elephant population, hierarchically arranged to form a fluid, fission-fusion society.”
From Elephant cognition. (2008) · cites this paper as Wittemyer, G., Douglas-Hamilton, I., and Getz, W.N. (2005)
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- Authors
- Wittemyer, G., Douglas-Hamilton, I., & Getz, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Save the Elephants (KE)
- University of Pretoria (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Wittemyer, G.
- Venue
- Animal Behaviour
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1357-1371
- ISSN
- 0003-3472 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103227323
- Cited by
- 591
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 27.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Animal Behaviour (publishedVersion)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- Loxodonta africana, social structure, fission-fusion societies, social cohesion, matriarchs, age structure, seasonal variation, resource competition, predator defense, social units, socioecology
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