The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The theory of latent vulnerability: Reconceptualizing the link between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder
Open accessAbstract
Maltreatment in childhood is associated with a significantly increased likelihood of psychiatric disorder that endures across the life span. If disorders emerge they tend to be more severe and less responsive to treatment. We introduce the concept of latent vulnerability as a way of conceptualizing the nature of this psychiatric risk. We argue that vulnerability to mental health problems can be understood as changes in a suite of neurocognitive systems that reflect adaptation or altered calibration to early neglectful or maltreating environments. Altered threat processing is presented as one exemplar candidate system. Heightened neurocognitive vigilance to threat is argued to reflect a calibration to an early at-risk environment that becomes maladaptive (and instantiates vulnerability) in the longer term. Other neurocognitive domains, including reward and memory processing, represent equally promising candidates for indexing latent vulnerability and warrant future enquiry. We suggest that the operationalization of latent vulnerability has the potential to guide a preventative psychiatry approach. Intervention currently occurs at two stages when maltreatment is confirmed: first, by addressing issues of risk; and second, by providing clinical intervention if a child meets criteria for psychiatric disorder. We argue that indexing latent vulnerability represents a third intervention opportunity, with the potential to target an indicated prevention approach for the most vulnerable children, offsetting risk trajectories before psychiatric disorders emerge.
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“This hypothesis has also been described as “latent vulnerability,” suggesting that childhood neglect increases the lifetime risk of developing a psychiatric disorder (83).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [83]
In the citing paper
“The Theory of Latent Vulnerability suggests that one’s genotype interacts with an adverse environment to create a neurocognitive phenotype, characterized by changes in reward processing (DA), threat processing (amygdala), and memory processing (hippocampus) [116].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [116]
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Citations
Cites
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., Sanislow, C., & Wang, P. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379 · Cited by 7,067
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876
Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · cited 3×
“…to threat reflects only one component of a distributed processing network, encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex (and the anterior cingulate cortex in particular), as well as the insula (e.g., Etkin & Wager, 2007; Kerestes, Davey, Stephanou, Whittle, & Harrison, 2013; Shin & Liberzon, 2010).”
BackgroundPredictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322
The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders
Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.83 · Cited by 2,083 · cited 2×
“…to threat reflects only one component of a distributed processing network, encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex (and the anterior cingulate cortex in particular), as well as the insula (e.g., Etkin & Wager, 2007; Kerestes, Davey, Stephanou, Whittle, & Harrison, 2013; Shin & Liberzon, 2010).”
BackgroundReducing Risks for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research
(1994) · doi:10.17226/2139 · Cited by 2,073
Principles of Preventive Psychiatry
(1965) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1965.tb72290.x · Cited by 1,999
Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01138 · Cited by 1,836 · cited 1×
“For example, the amygdala plays a critical role in fear extinction (where an individual ceases to regard a given stimulus as threatening) along with several other brain areas (in particular the ventromedial prefrontal cortex; Milad & Quirk, 2002).”
BackgroundA cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety.
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00063-1 · Cited by 1,642
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Springer, 2007, The Institute of Medicine framework and its implication for the advancement of prevention policy, programs and practice (Prevention Policy Paper Series)
- 2013, Child maltreatment, 2012
Cited by
Sorted by citations
McCrory, E. J., Gerin, M. I., & Viding, E. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12713 · Cited by 402
Hidden talents in harsh environments
Ellis, B. J., Abrams, L. S., Masten, A. S., Sternberg, R. J., Tottenham, N., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000887 · Cited by 298
Su, S., Jimenez, M. P., Roberts, C. T. F., & Loucks, E. B. (2015) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0645-1 · Cited by 242
Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis
Miu, A. C., Szentágotai-Tătar, A., Balázsi, R., Nechita, D., Bunea, I., & Pollak, S. D. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102141 · Cited by 233
The effects of early life stress on reward processing
Novick, A. M., Levandowski, M. L., Laumann, L. E., Philip, N. S., Price, L. H., & Tyrka, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002 · Cited by 192
“Accordingly, identifying at-risk individuals and tailoring interventions to target the reward processing system could represent an effective strategy to prevent later psychopathology (McCrory and Viding, 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- McCrory, E. J., & Viding, E.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McCrory, Eamon J.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 493-505
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- OpenAlex
- W2099527079
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K005723/1, ES/H007059/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child abuse, mental illness, threat processing, threat vigilance, reward processing, memory processes, mental health prevention, indicated prevention, risk trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Abuse, Humans, Risk Factors
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