The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Physiological and functional consequences of caregiving for relatives with dementia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic stress negatively affects health and well-being. A growing population of informal dementia caregivers experience chronic stress associated with extraordinary demands of caring for a relative with dementia. This review summarizes physiological and functional changes due to chronic dementia caregiver stress. METHODS: A literature search for papers assessing effects of dementia caregiving was conducted focusing on publications evaluating differences between caregivers and non-caregivers in objective measures of health and cognition. RESULTS: The review identified 37 studies describing data from 4,145 participants including 749 dementia caregivers and 3,396 non-caregiver peers. Objective outcome measures affected in dementia caregivers included markers of dyscoagulation, inflammation, and cell aging as well as measures of immune function, sleep, and cognition. Though diverse in designs, samples, and study quality, the majority of the studies indicated increased vulnerability of dementia caregivers to detrimental changes in health and cognition. Demographic and personality characteristics moderating or mediating effects of chronic stress in caregivers were also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: There is accumulating evidence that chronic dementia caregiver stress increases their vulnerability to disease and diminishes their ability to provide optimal care. Clinicians and society need to appreciate the extent of deleterious effects of chronic stress on dementia caregiver health.
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“Evidence suggests that the stress of providing dementia care increases caregivers' susceptibility to disease and health complications.505”
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“Evidence suggests that the stress of providing dementia care increases caregivers’ susceptibility to disease and health complications. 551”
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Cites
Is caregiving hazardous to one’s physical health? A meta-analysis
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InfluentialChronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6.
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“For example, DCGs experience more stressors within a 24-hour period than non-DCGs, and this occurrence of multiple daily stressors is linked to increased serum interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (Gouin et al., 2012).”
InfluentialDynamics of telomerase activity in response to acute psychological stress
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“One of the most important outcomes of this review is the presence of obvious deficits in DCGs compared to CTLs on several cognitive domains including processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions (de Vugt et al., 2006; Vitaliano et al., 2009; Oken et al., 2011).”
InfluentialSelf-citationNegative Associations of Chronic Stress and Cognitive Performance in Older Adult Spouse Caregivers
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Influentialvon Känel, R., Mills, P. J., Mausbach, B. T., Dimsdale, J. E., Patterson, T. L., Ziegler, M. G., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Allison, M., Chattillion, E. A., & Grant, I. (2011) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000334219 · Cited by 113
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Association Between Chronic Caregiving Stress and Impaired Endothelial Function in the Elderly
Mausbach, B. T., Roepke, S. K., Ziegler, M. G., Milic, M., von Känel, R., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Patterson, T. L., Allison, M. A., Ancoli-Israel, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.093 · Cited by 96
Sleep and Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis in Elderly Alzheimer Caregivers and Controls
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“Three studies evaluated both physiological markers and sleep parameters as outcome variables (Mills et al., 2009; von Kanel et al., 2010; von Kanel et al., 2012c).”
BackgroundMethodCaregiving, repetitive thought, and immune response to vaccination in older adults
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InfluentialEffects of Alzheimer Caregiving on Allostatic Load
Roepke, S. K., Mausbach, B. T., Patterson, T. L., von Känel, R., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Harmell, A. L., Dimsdale, J. E., Aschbacher, K., Mills, P. J., Ziegler, M. G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105310369188 · Cited by 84
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Mills, P. J., Ancoli‐Israel, S., von Känel, R., Mausbach, B. T., Aschbacher, K., Patterson, T. L., Ziegler, M. G., Dimsdale, J. E., & Grant, I. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.09.014 · Cited by 80
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“…2005; McCallum et al., 2006; Damjanovic et al., 2007; Mausbach et al., 2007; Brummett et al., 2008; Segerstrom et al., 2008; von Kanel et al., 2008; Wahbeh et al., 2008; Epel et al., 2010; Mausbach et al., 2010; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2011; Roepke et al., 2011a; 2011b; von Kanel et al., 2011;…”
InfluentialSelf-citationTschanz, J. T., Piercy, K. W., Corcoran, C. D., Fauth, E. B., Norton, M. C., Rabins, P. V., Tschanz, B. T., DeBerard, M. S., Snyder, C., Smith, C., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.005 · Cited by 72
Roepke, S. K., Allison, M., Von Känel, R., Mausbach, B. T., Chattillion, E. A., Harmell, A. L., Patterson, T. L., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Ziegler, M. G., et al. (2012) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2011.596866 · Cited by 70
Coping Processes and Hemostatic Reactivity to Acute Stress in Dementia Caregivers
Aschbacher, K., Patterson, T. L., von Känel, R., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Adler, K. A., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Grant, I. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188458.85597.bc · Cited by 66
von Känel, R., Mausbach, B. T., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Patterson, T. L., Ziegler, M. G., Roepke, S. K., Chattillion, E. A., Allison, M., et al. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1632 · Cited by 64
Personal Mastery is Associated With Reduced Sympathetic Arousal in Stressed Alzheimer Caregivers
Roepke, S. K., Mausbach, B. T., Aschbacher, K., Ziegler, M. G., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., von Känel, R., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Patterson, T. L., & Grant, I. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181662a80 · Cited by 62
Mills, P. J., Adler, K. A., Dimsdale, J. E., Perez, C. J., Ziegler, M. G., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Patterson, T. L., & Grant, I. (2004) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200405000-00007 · Cited by 62 · cited 4×
“In addition to previously known influences of age, SES, and PWD characteristics on DCG health, studies in this review show that access to respite and physical activity levels can also affect the relationship between DCG stress and health (Mills et al., 2004; von Kanel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialMcCallum, T., Sorocco, K. H., & Fritsch, T. (2006) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.jgp.0000225109.85406.89 · Cited by 62 · cited 6×
“McCallum et al., 2006 CS AA DCG n = 30; 58 y.o.; 100% 16% PWD spouses EA DCG n = 24; 68 y.o.; 100% 75% PWD spouses CTL n = 63; 62 y.o; 100% Salivary cortisol (5 times samples during 2 days).”
InfluentialMild cognitive impairment (MCI) twenty years on
Ritchie, K. A., & Ritchie, C. W. (2011) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610211002067 · Cited by 55
Chamine, I., Amen, A. M., Zajdel, D. P., Ellingson, R. M., & Oken, B. (2011) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988710397548 · Cited by 51 · cited 18×
“SL E E P Q U A L I T Y Poor sleep quality is a common complaint in DCGs, who report more sleep problems than CTLs and rate their sleep quality similar to that of those having insomnia (Fonareva et al., 2011).”
InfluentialSelf-citationMausbach, B. T., Aschbacher, K., Mills, P. J., Roepke, S. K., von Känel, R., Patterson, T. L., Dimsdale, J. E., Ziegler, M. G., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Grant, I. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.09.006 · Cited by 51 · cited 1×
“…be affected by age, gender, ethnic and cultural background, residence neighborhood, childhood experiences of abuse, physical activity level, and utilization of respite care (McCallum et al., 2006; Mausbach et al., 2008; Segerstrom et al., 2008; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2011; von Kanel et al., 2011).”
Backgroundvon Känel, R., Mausbach, B. T., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Patterson, T. L., Ancoli-Israel, S., Ziegler, M. G., Roepke, S. K., Chattillion, E. A., Allison, M., et al. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182408c14 · Cited by 49
HPA axis function in male caregivers: Effect of the monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR)
Brummett, B. H., Boyle, S. H., Siegler, I. C., Kuhn, C. M., Surwit, R. S., Garrett, M. E., Collins, A. L., Ashley‐Koch, A. E., & Williams, R. B. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.06.004 · Cited by 47
Thorpe, J. M., Sleath, B., Thorpe, C. T. K., Houtven, C. V., Blalock, S. J., Landerman, L., Campbell, W. H., & Clipp, E. (2006) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000215905.36968.76 · Cited by 39 · cited 1×
“DCGs also often neglect their own health by limiting their visits to care providers for their own needs and failing to obtain vaccinations (Thorpe, et al., 2006). Accumulating evidence points to the fact that it might be useful to start viewing caregiving as a health hazard, as originally proposed by Vitaliano and col…”
von Känel, R., Dimsdale, J. E., Adler, K. A., Patterson, T. L., Mills, P. J., & Grant, I. (2004) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000081428 · Cited by 37
Mausbach, B. T., von Känel, R., Aschbacher, K., Roepke, S. K., Dimsdale, J. E., Ziegler, M. G., Mills, P. J., Patterson, T. L., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Grant, I. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318157d461 · Cited by 37
Regular Physical Activity Moderates Cardiometabolic Risk in Alzheimer's Caregivers
von Känel, R., Mausbach, B. T., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Patterson, T. L., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Ziegler, M. G., Roepke, S. K., Harmell, A. L., Allison, M., et al. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181e6d478 · Cited by 34
Neighborhood Characteristics Moderate Effects of Caregiving on Glucose Functioning
Brummett, B. H., Siegler, I. C., Rohe, W. M., Barefoot, J. C., VITALIANO, P. P., Surwit, R. S., Feinglos, M. N., & Williams, R. B. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000174171.24930.11 · Cited by 29
Chamine, I., Amen, A. M., Ellingson, R. M., & Oken, B. (2011) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610211001414 · Cited by 25 · cited 2×
“, 2012), which might be still underestimated depending on the assessment context because DCGs tend to report lower stress levels when assessed in a clinic than they do at home where they are providing care (Fonareva et al., 2012).”
Self-citationPalma, K. A. X. A., Balardin, J., Vedana, G., Argimon, I. I. D. L., Luz, C., Schröder, N., Quevedo, J., & Bromberg, E. (2011) · Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318209e453 · Cited by 21
Psychosocial and Biological Indicators of Depression in the Caregiving Population
Clark, M. C., Nicholas, J., Wassira, L. N., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2011) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800411414872 · Cited by 20 · cited 1×
“Only 25% of DCGs acknowledge being depressed when interviewed, yet when assessed with a depression scale, about 55% in the same DCG sample receive a score indicative of clinical level of depression (Clark et al., 2011).”
Carotid Plaque in Alzheimer Caregivers and the Role of Sympathoadrenal Arousal
Roepke, S. K., Chattillion, E. A., von Känel, R., Allison, M., Ziegler, M. G., Dimsdale, J. E., Mills, P. J., Patterson, T. L., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Calleran, S., et al. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182081004 · Cited by 19
Mills, P. J. (2004) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajgp.12.3.281 · Cited by 5
ROCKOFF, A. M. (2012) · Skin & Allergy News · doi:10.1016/s0037-6337(12)70295-4 · Cited by 1
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2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
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“Evidence suggests that the stress of dementia care provision increases caregivers’ susceptibility to disease and health complications [244].”
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
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2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536
2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.
Alzheimer's Association (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010 · Cited by 2,461
“Evidence suggests that the stress of providing dementia care increases caregivers’ susceptibility to disease and health complications [339].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fonareva, I., & Oken, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Oken, Barry S.
- ORCID
- Oken, Barry S.
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 725-747
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3975665
- OpenAlex
- W2125058262
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG008017)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA007262)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (F31AT006647, T32AT002688, K24AT005121)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia caregiving, informal caregivers, chronic stress, caregiver health, inflammation, cellular aging, immune function, sleep, cognition, personality moderators, caregiver burden
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Dementia, Female, General Adaptation Syndrome, Humans, Male, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Time, Caregivers, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
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