Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (BEHAVE-AD) Rating Scale
Open accessAbstract
Before the development of the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (BEHAVE-AD) rating scale in 1987 by Reisberg and colleagues and its predecessor scale, the Symptoms of Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease (SPAD) rating scale, in 1985 by Reisberg and Ferris, other scales were available for measuring behavioral disturbances and psychiatric disorders in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, these scales generally mixed together cognitive disturbances with behavioral symptoms and sometimes included functional impairments as well. These predecessor scales also were not specifically designed to assess the types of behavioral problems seen in Alzheimer's disease. If a scale did address behavioral disturbances of dementia, it tended to be seriously underspecified in terms of the nature of behavioral disturbances.
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A variety of scales and tools are available to describe and document behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, but they are rarely used in real world settings to guide management.
“Although a variety of scales and tools are available to describe and document these symptoms (such as the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory,160 behavioral pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, and BEHAVE-AD),161 they are rarely used in real world settings to guide management.162”
From Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (2015) · cites this paper as [161]
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Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., & Roth, M. (1968) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.114.512.797 · Cited by 4,117 · see citing works
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Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Kales, H. C., Gitlin, L. N., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h369 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
Ismail, Z., for the NPS Professional Interest Area of the International Society of to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (NPS-PIA of ISTAART), Agüera-Ortiz, L., Brodaty, H., Cieslak, A., Cummings, J., Fischer, C. E., Gauthier, S., Geda, Y. E., Herrmann, N., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160979 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Ornstein, K., & Gaugler, J. E. (2012) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610212000737 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Recommendations of the 5th Canadian Consensus Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia
Ismail, Z., Black, S. E., Camicioli, R., Chertkow, H., Herrmann, N., Laforce, R., Montero‐Odasso, M., Rockwood, K., Rosa‐Neto, P., Seitz, D., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12105 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Determinants of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A scoping review of the evidence
Kolanowski, A., Boltz, M., Galik, E., Gitlin, L. N., Kales, H. C., Resnick, B., Van Haitsma, K. S., Knehans, A., Sutterlin, J. E., Sefcik, J. S., et al. (2017) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.006 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The staging and assessment of moderate to severe Alzheimer disease
Feldman, H. H., & Woodward, M. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.65.6_suppl_3.s10 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
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Antidepressant medications in dementia: evidence and potential mechanisms of treatment-resistance
Costello, H., Roiser, J. P., & Howard, R. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172200397x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Reisberg, B., Auer, S. R., & Monteiro, I. M.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 301-308
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4292480995
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, behavioral problems, psychiatric symptoms, dementia, rating scales, SPAD
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