The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 87 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a symptomatic domain identified across many mental disorders. Cognitive deficits in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) contribute significantly to occupational and functional disability. Notably, cognitive subdomains such as learning and memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and attention and concentration are significantly impaired during, and between, episodes in individuals with MDD. Most antidepressants have not been developed and/or evaluated for their ability to directly and independently ameliorate cognitive deficits. Multiple interacting neurobiological mechanisms (eg, neuroinflammation) are implicated as subserving cognitive deficits in MDD. A testable hypothesis, with preliminary support, posits that improving performance across cognitive domains in individuals with MDD may improve psychosocial function, workplace function, quality of life, and other patient-reported outcomes, independent of effects on core mood symptoms. Herein we aim to (1) provide a rationale for prioritizing cognitive deficits as a therapeutic target, (2) briefly discuss the neurobiological substrates subserving cognitive dysfunction, and (3) provide an update on current and future treatment avenues.
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71 Not checked yet · 8 Own interpretation · 1 Partly supported · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“Ventral affective networks, formed by the perigenual ACC, the amygdala, and the OFC, working in concert with the hippocampus, have also been shown to be important for a variety of cognitive processes such as establishing salience, mediating contextually appropriate responses, planning, working memory, and executive function.27”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Neurobiology
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [27] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
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In the paper
“Results from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (IMDCP), a collaborative effort between the University of Toronto and Cleveland Clinic, indicated that cognitive function is a greater determinant of overall workplace function than measures of depression severity among working adults with MDD.”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Implications of Function
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Vice versa, functional impairments can also contribute to the persistence of cognitive symptoms in MDD. 9”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Hitherto, only 2 antidepressants (ie, duloxetine and vortioxetine) have demonstrated direct, independent, and clinically relevant effects on cognitive dysfunction in MDD. 8”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Cognitive deficits in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) contribute significantly to occupational and functional disability.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · boosted
“Many studies have shown that cognitive dysfunction, in particular, is a powerful predictor of occupational and social functional impairment in adults with MDD.[5][6][7]”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5][6][7]
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Also stated in: § Introduction · boosted
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The trifecta of cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia, and depressed mood is thought to be a critical mediator of MDD-related functional disability.6,11”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Introduction
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Indeed, individuals with inflammatory and metabolic comorbidities are at greater risks of mood disorders and cognitive dysfunction.13,14”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The persistence of cognitive deficits after remission of depressive symptoms has been shown to contribute to the failure in achieving full functional recovery in MDD. 5”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Disparate neurobiological systems, including, but not limited to, arousal, mood, impulsivity, reward, anhedonia, energy, fatigue, and suicidality, all contribute to cognitive changes in MDD.16,17”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Glossary
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] source
- Not checked yetcites [17]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Neurochemical changes (eg, catecholaminergic disturbances) have also been implicated as a mediator of cognitive dysfunction in MDD. 26”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Neurobiology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, cognitive subdomains such as learning and memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and attention and concentration are significantly impaired during, and between, episodes in individuals with MDD.”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disturbances in concentration, executive function, decision-making, and learning and memory are part of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) items that determine whether an individual meets criteria for cognitive dysfunction in MDD.6”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Glossary
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, cognitive dysfunction in MDD has been proposed to be an endophenotype that worsens as a function of episode frequency.9,10”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Introduction
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Individuals who are unemployed are more likely to exhibit decreases in cognitive performance and those who are employed will experience a greater loss of workplace productivity.7”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Implications of Function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, CBT has shown to be effective in treating cognitive symptoms in ADHD, a disorder characterized by significant disturbances in executive function and attention.54”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Nonpharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [54] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For example, Siegle et al 48 reported that use of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (ie, which requires patients to add sequentially presented digits) increased cognitive skills, decreased maladaptive thoughts (ie, rumination), and improved depressive symptom severity in individuals with MDD.48”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Nonpharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In one study, although performance on the n-Back test did not differ significantly between MDD subjects and healthy controls, differences were observed in the activation and deactivation of nodal substrates.31”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Neurobiology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Aerobic exercise improves cognition, has negligible side effects, and is scalable (ie, has the potential to be a population-wide health intervention).58”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Nonpharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Abnormalities in the connections between cortical and subcortical structures (ie, prefrontal cortical regions and the ACC) have been hypothesized to lead to poor functional outcomes in MDD.24,30”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Neurobiology
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mediators of aberrant neural circuitry, structure, and function are hypothesized to involve imbalances in hormonal regulation (ie, insulin resistance, glucocorticoid abnormalities), neurotrophin dysregulation (ie, brain-derived neurotrophic factor), immunoinflammatory activation, and oxidative stress.[34][35][36][37]”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Neurobiology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34][35][36][37]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Computerized working memory tasks have been shown to improve psychosocial and occupational functioning, as well as hippocampal and frontotemporal activation.50”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Nonpharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One theory posits that abnormal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex may contribute to the requirement of increased neural effort in individuals with MDD. 31”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Cognition: Neurobiology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Infliximab is a promising TNF antagonist that binds to soluble and transmembrane domains of TNF-α, thus preventing the binding of TNF-α to its receptors.74,75”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Pharmacological interventions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Preliminary evidence indicates that liraglutide administered at a dose of 1.8 mg is able to improve depressive and cognitive measures in adults with a depressive mood disorder.72”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Pharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [72]
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cognitive deficit is a core domain of depressive psychopathology and a principal mediator of psychosocial and workplace functioning.”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“on vortioxetine also showed significant improvements in acquisition time and delayed recall.”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Pharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [66] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While both duloxetine and vortioxetine improved measures of depressive symptom severity, vortioxetine demonstrated a larger direct effect on RAVLT recall and acquisition scores compared to duloxetine.66”
§ Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder > Pharmacological interventions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [66] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Cognitive dysfunction is a core diagnostic criterion of major depressive disorder according to the Research Domain Criteria.
“Indeed, cognitive dysfunction is well established as a core diagnostic criterion of MDD according to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC).”
The paper relies on this without support.
A significant subpopulation of individuals with major depressive disorder does not achieve functional remission after treatment with multiple FDA-approved pharmacological agents.
“A significant subpopulation of individuals with MDD does not achieve functional remission after treatment with multiple FDA-approved pharmacological agents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Improvements in mood do not necessarily translate into improvements in function.
“It is important to note that improvements in mood do not necessarily translate into improvements in function.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Domain-specific cognitive deficits in learning and memory, executive function, processing speed, and attention and concentration are highly replicated findings in individuals with major depressive disorder presenting with a major depressive episode.
“Domain-specific cognitive deficits in learning and memory, executive function, processing speed, and attention and concentration are highly replicated findings in individuals with MDD presenting with a major depressive episode (MDE).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Individuals with major depressive disorder exhibit a bilateral reduction in hippocampal volume.
“It is recognized that individuals with MDD exhibit a bilateral reduction in hippocampal volume.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The reduction in hippocampal volume is proportional with the frequency of illness episodes.
“The reduction in hippocampal volume has also been shown to be proportional with the frequency of illness episodes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Individuals with major depressive disorder exhibit hypoactivity of the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with increased activity of the anterior cingulate cortex.
“In addition, individuals with MDD exhibit hypoactivity of the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with increase in activity of the ACC.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Current antidepressant regimens do not primarily target psychosocial impairments and workplace disability in major depressive disorder.
“Despite the foregoing evidence, current antidepressant regimens do not primarily target psychosocial impairments and workplace disability in MDD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cognitive disturbances are more commonly observed in individuals with major depressive disorder compared to the general population.
“Cognitive disturbances are more commonly observed in individuals with MDD compared to the general population.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The specific efficacy of computerized measures of cognitive function in clinical populations remains elusive.
“Notwithstanding the foregoing evidence, the specific efficacy of computerized measures of cognitive function in clinical populations remains elusive.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Current psychotherapies primarily target hot cognitive deficits, and effective strategies targeting cold cognition still require further investigation.
“However, current psychotherapies primarily target “hot” cognitive deficits, and therefore effective strategies targeting “cold” cognition still require further investigation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Brain stimulation therapies are associated with greater tolerability, reduced likelihood of cognitive impairment, and higher rates of remission in treatment-resistant individuals.
“For example, brain stimulation therapies have been associated with greater tolerability, reduced likelihood of cognitive impairment, and higher rates of remission in treatment-resistant individuals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Available evidence indicates that improvements in measures of cognitive function with conventional antidepressants are associated with improvements in depressive symptom severity.
“Available evidence indicates that improvements in measures of cognitive function with the use of conventional antidepressants are associated with improvements in depressive symptom severity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a paucity of FDA-approved pharmacological agents or interventions that are efficacious, tolerable, and specifically target cognitive dysfunction associated with major depressive disorder.
“There is currently a paucity of FDA-approved pharmacological agents and/or interventions that are efficacious, tolerable, and specifically target cognitive dysfunction associated with MDD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Incretins may improve cognitive function.
“Preliminary data suggest that incretins may also improve cognitive function.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intranasal insulin has cognitive-enhancing effects in MDD.
“For example, intranasal insulin has been shown to be procognitive in individuals with MDD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intranasal insulin's cognitive benefits are greater in MDD patients who also have diabetes or insulin dysregulation.
“In particular, the procognitive effects of intranasal insulin are stronger in individuals with a history of diabetes and insulin dysregulation comorbid with MDD.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
TNF-α antagonists are an effective add-on for cognitive symptoms in MDD.
“Treatment with TNF-α antagonists is postulated to be an efficacious adjunctive approach to target cognitive symptoms in individuals with MDD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In the brain, insulin blocks proapoptotic pathways and is important for neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and neuronal growth and survival.
“In the brain, insulin inhibits proapoptotic pathways and plays critical roles in neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and neuronal growth and survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Psychostimulants are prescribed for depressive symptoms in MDD.
“Psychostimulants have also been used to treat depressive symptoms in individuals with MDD; however, available evidence is mixed.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Available evidence on psychostimulants for depressive symptoms in MDD is mixed.
“Psychostimulants have also been used to treat depressive symptoms in individuals with MDD; however, available evidence is mixed.”
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In the citing paper
“BDNF can indeed cross the barrier in mice [110].”
From Variations in BDNF and Their Role in the Neurotrophic Antidepressant Mechanisms of Ketamine and Esketamine: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [110]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
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Self-citation
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Sorted by citations
Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis
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“Moreover, the abilities of these antide-pressants to ameliorate cognitive deficits in patients suffering from MDD, especially memory impairments, have not been evaluated sufficiently during their development [34].”
BackgroundLiu, P., Gao, M., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Tu, H., Lei, L., Wu, P., Zhang, A., Yang, C., Li, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.800764 · Cited by 79
“MDD patients more commonly demonstrate cognitive disturbances than the general population (Pan et al., 2019).”
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“…in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. worldwide and is associated with substantial impairment of daily functioning and quality of life (QoL) (Lam et al. 2014; Lin et al. 2014; Pan et al. 2019; Iancu et al. 2020).”
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Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment in Depression. May Probiotics Help?
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“It is in line with another study on depression, which proposed that abnormalities in monoamines impaired cellular signaling and neurocircuit pathways, which led to cognitive impairment (64).”
ResultGenetic loci shared between major depression and intelligence with mixed directions of effect
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“Extensive research in the last decade has ascertained that cognition is paramount when patient-reported functionality and well-being are considered.(39) The residual cognitive deficits following remission of an MDD or BD episode hamper the recovery of an individual to premorbid functionality.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe liver–brain axis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Mikkelsen, A. C. D., Kjærgaard, K., Schapira, A. H. V., Mookerjee, R. P., & Thomsen, K. L. (2024) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00320-0 · Cited by 60
Pardossi, S., Fagiolini, A., & Cuomo, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252313098 · Cited by 51
“The capacity of BDNF to cross the blood-brain barrier adds further complexity, as it has been shown that BDNF can indeed cross the barrier in mice [110].”
Effects of the consumption of guarana on human health: A narrative review
Torres, E. A. F. D. S., Pinaffi‐Langley, A. C. D. C., Figueira, M. D. S., Cordeiro, K. S., Negrão, L. D., Soares, M. J., da Silva, C. P., Alfino, M. C. Z., Sampaio, G. R., & de Camargo, A. C. (2021) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12862 · Cited by 49
Matcham, F., Simblett, S. K., Leightley, D., Dalby, M., Siddi, S., Haro, J. M., Lamers, F., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Bruce, S., Nica, R. I., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722003671 · Cited by 45
“Finally, although we have conceptualised the cognitive modules as separate, there is likely to be overlap between the cognition modules (Pan et al., 2019).”
Cognitive function after electroconvulsive therapy for depression: relationship to clinical response
Anderson, I. M., McAllister-Williams, H., Downey, D., Elliott, R., & Loo, C. K. A. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000379 · Cited by 40
Ahern, E., White, J., & Slattery, E. J. (2024) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-023-09629-9 · Cited by 44
“…neurobiological changes that occur with MDD (e.g. structural, functional, and chemical disturbances in fronto-temporal and fronto-subcortical circuitry; Pan et al., 2019) and interfere with neurogenesis that would otherwise be expected to occur (Barlati et al., 2022; Ham-mar et al., 2022).”
Liu, L., Lv, X., Zhou, S., Liu, Q., Wang, J., Tian, H., Zhang, K., Wei, J., Wang, C., Chen, Q., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.020 · Cited by 31
A New Look on Long-COVID Effects: The Functional Brain Fog Syndrome
Orfei, M. D., Porcari, D. E., D’Arcangelo, S., Maggi, F., Russignaga, D., & Ricciardi, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11195529 · Cited by 37
“In particular, learning and memory, as well as attention and concentration, are significantly impaired during depressive episodes [32].”
BackgroundPiani, M. C., Maggioni, E., Delvecchio, G., & Brambilla, P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.003 · Cited by 39
Zhang, Y., Li, J., Wang, H., Niu, W.-P., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Si, T., & Su, Y. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105571 · Cited by 34
Guerrera, C. S., Platania, G. A., Boccaccio, F. M., Sarti, P., Varrasi, S., Colliva, C., Grasso, M., Vivo, S. D., Cavallaro, D., Tascedda, F., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05300-y · Cited by 31
“Our data agree with evidence coming from many recent studies suggesting that cognitive dysfunction represents a distinct biological and clinical dimension in MDD, independent from affective symptoms, which strongly affects psycho-social functioning [48–51].”
ResultLiu, X., Li, P., Ma, X., Zhang, J., Sun, X., Luo, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.041 · Cited by 34
Li, Y., Li, X., Zhaung, W., Yu, C., Wei, S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., Luorui, C., Zheng, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.002 · Cited by 32
Therapeutic Effects of Baicalin on Diseases Related to Gut–Brain Axis Dysfunctions
Hu, Q., Hou, S., Xiong, B., Wen, Y., Wang, J., Zeng, J., Ma, X., & Wang, F. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28186501 · Cited by 31
“…that depression is related to impaired Depression is mainly characterized by low mood, anhedonia, irritability, concentration di ffi culties, and changes in appetite and sleep [24,25]. psychological health, cognitive impairment, increased risk of suicidal behavior, and increased mortality [26,27].”
Luo, W., Luo, L., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., Yu, Y., Yu, S., Lu, F., Chen, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.129 · Cited by 39
Ryan, K. M., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114725 · Cited by 31
Clustering Based on Eye Tracking Data for Depression Recognition
Yang, M., Cai, C., & Hu, B. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2022.3223128 · Cited by 29
“Relevant studies have shown the possibility to analyze the difference on response inhibition, attention, memory, and other cognition aspects between depression patients and healthy controls through eye movement data [21].”
BackgroundShunkai, L., Su, T., Zhong, S., Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Chen, P., Tang, G., Qi, Z., He, J., et al. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721004906 · Cited by 37
“Previous studies indicated that patients fail to regain full functional recovery even in a euthymic state, which may be partly attributed to cognitive deficits (Pan et al., 2019; Woo, Rosenblat, Kakar, Bahk, & McIntyre, 2016).”
BackgroundPfarr, J., Brosch, K., Meller, T., Ringwald, K. G., Schmitt, S., Stein, F., Meinert, S., Grotegerd, D., Thiel, K., Lemke, H., et al. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25600 · Cited by 21
“We modeled cognitive control as executive function or inhibition ability, respectively, based on former studies finding those to not just be impaired in MDD but also to be related to particular risk factors for MDD (Crow, 2019; Pan et al., 2019).”
MethodKeeping up with the clinical advances: depression
Ragguett, R.-M., Tamura, J. K., & McIntyre, R. S. (2019) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852919001159 · Cited by 27
Self-citationMiguel, N., Marquez-Arrico, J. E., Jódar, M., Navarro, J. F., & Adán, A. (2023) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.06.006 · Cited by 31
The Individual and Societal Burden of Treatment-Resistant Depression
Baig-Ward, K. M., Jha, M. K., & Trivedi, M. H. (2023) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.001 · Cited by 35
Platania, G. A., Guerrera, C. S., Sarti, P., Varrasi, S., Pirrone, C., Popović, D., Ventimiglia, A., Vivo, S. D., Cantarella, R. A., Tascedda, F., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276822 · Cited by 23
How should we design future mechanistic and/or efficacy clinical trials?
D, M. F. M. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01600-9 · Cited by 26
“An example of this is in the fi eld of MDD, where there is now robust evidence that cognitive impairments, such as diminished memory, concentration, and executive function, are important symptoms of this disorder [22] and are often inadequately treated with standard antidepressants [23].”
BackgroundPharmacological treatment for insomnia in patients with major depressive disorder
Brietzke, E. M., Vázquez, G. H., Kang, M. J. Y., & Soares, C. N. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1614562 · Cited by 25
“Cognitive deficits in MDD also seem to be influenced by the presence and severity of sleep problems [25].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCognitive reserve and cognition in mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Camprodon‐Boadas, P., Prisco, M. D., Rabelo‐da‐Ponte, F. D., Sugranyes, G., Clougher, D., Baeza, I., Torrent, C., Castro‐Fornieles, J., Tosetti, Y., Vieta, E., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116083 · Cited by 28
Neuroimaging features of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder
Li, Y., Zhang, C., Han, J.-C., Shang, Y., Chen, Z., Cui, G., & Wang, W. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253241243290 · Cited by 28
Zhou, T., Zhao, J., Ma, Y., He, L., Ren, Z., Yang, K., Tang, J., Liu, J., Luo, J., & Zhang, H. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05769-1 · Cited by 21
“The mechanisms involved in this process include neuroinflammation, endocrine disorders, and abnormalities in neurotransmitter release [56, 57].”
BackgroundMcCallum, R. T., Thériault, R.-K., Manduca, J. D., Russell, I. S. B., Culmer, A. M., Doost, J. S., Martino, T. A., & Perreault, M. L. (2024) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00589-0 · Cited by 21
“Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS software (Version 24, Armonk, USA).”
MethodHaniff, Z. R., Bocharova, M., Mantingh, T., Rucker, J., Velayudhan, L., Taylor, D. M., Young, A. H., Aarsland, D., Vernon, A. C., & Thuret, S. (2024) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108641 · Cited by 21
“…manifest with cognitive symptoms affecting several domains including memory, executive function, processing speed and attention (Carvalho et al., 2014; Nuño, Gómez-Benito, Carmona, & Pino, 2021; Pan et al., 2019; Sampath, Sathyanesan, & Newton, 2017; Vancappel et al., 2021; Zuckerman et al., 2018).”
Jones, S. E., & Harvey, P. D. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02400-x · Cited by 22
“Second, it is widely understood that symptomatic variables (psychosis, current mood state, negative symptoms) in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (and to an extent in major depression [21]) are minimally correlated with concurrent cognitive impairment.”
BackgroundSingh, B., Parikh, S. V., Voort, J. L. V., Pazdernik, V., Achtyes, E. D., Goes, F. S., Yocum, A. K., Nykamp, L. J., Becerra, A., Smart, L., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115829 · Cited by 20
Shin, M. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220003622 · Cited by 20
“A recent review of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder also suggested that cognitive deficit should be the first therapeutic target because it mediates psychosocial and workplace functioning (Pan et al., 2019).”
BackgroundLewis, V., Rodrigue, B., Arsenault, E., Zhang, M., Taghavi‐Abkuh, F., Silva, W. C. C., Myers, M., Matta‐Camacho, E., & Aguilar‐Valles, A. (2022) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15652 · Cited by 21
“The activation of these pathways, resulting in increased mRNA translation initiation and elongation rates in brain regions such as the mPFC and HPC, is bound to impact cognitive function (Ma, 2021; Pelletier & Sonenberg, 2019), especially in MDD, where numerous deficits have been documented (Pan et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialFan, L., Kong, X., Zhang, P., Lin, P., Zhao, J., Ji, X., Fang, S., Wang, X., Yao, S., Li, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.019 · Cited by 21
Zhou, Q., Lv, X., Zhou, S., Liu, Q., Tian, H., Zhang, K., Wei, J., Wang, G., Chen, Q., Zhu, G., et al. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114202 · Cited by 19
da Silva, R. H., Pedro, L. C., Manosso, L. M., Gonçalves, C. L., & Réus, G. Z. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.050 · Cited by 22
Kamp, C. B., Juul, S., Siddiqui, F., Barbateskovic, M., Munkholm, K., Hengartner, M. P., Kirsch, I., Gluud, C. N., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01789-0 · Cited by 18
“Major depressive disorder is associated with cognitive deficits leading to functional and occupational impairment [2].”
BackgroundKamp, C. B., Petersen, J. J., Faltermeier, P., Juul, S., Siddiqui, F., Moncrieff, J., Horowitz, M. A., Hengartner, M. P., Kirsch, I., Gluud, C. N., et al. (2024) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796024000520 · Cited by 23
“Major depressive disorder is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour, reduced quality of life and impaired cognition (Chen and Dilsaver, 1996; Ishak et al. , 2015; Kessler et al. , 1999; Pan et al. , 2019; Qin, 2011; Saragoussi et al. , 2018).”
Poggini, S., Banqueri, M., Albanese, N. C., Golia, M. T., Ibáñez, F. G., Limatola, C., Fuhrmann, M., Lalowski, M. M., Tremblay, M., Maggi, L., et al. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114295 · Cited by 18
Sociali, A., Borgi, M., Pettorruso, M., Carlo, F. D., Natale, C. D., Tambelli, A., Alessi, M. C., Ciavoni, L., Mosca, A., Miuli, A., et al. (2022) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23263 · Cited by 18
“Besides MDD, the presence of depressive symptomatology deteriorates individuals' functioning and quality of life (Tang & Thomas, 2020) and negatively affects the functional outcomes of many medical diseases (Sbolli et al., 2020; Solaro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialShu, M., Feng, S., & Liu, J. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114742 · Cited by 18
Xie, X.-M., Sha, S., Cai, H. X., Liu, X., Jiang, I., Zhang, L., & Wang, G. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s459954 · Cited by 18
“32 Perhaps, cognitive impairments exist during the early phases of MDD, 33,34 and during the premorbid stage before the onset of disease.”
BackgroundEffects of High Levels of Copper on the Depression-Related Memory Disorders
Liu, X., Lin, C., Wang, S., Yu, X., Jia, Y., & Chen, J. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac222 · Cited by 21
Function and application of brain‑derived neurotrophic factor precursors (Review)
Chen, R., Chen, W., Li, P., Zhao, Y., Zeng, Q., Chen, W., & Cao, D. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2025.5546 · Cited by 19
“Moreover, most antidepressants have not been specifically developed or evaluated to improve these cognitive deficits (62).”
Biačková, N., Adamová, A., & Klírová, M. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01687-7 · Cited by 17
“These deficits (mainly in executive function) have been associated with impaired social and occupational functioning [102, 103].”
BackgroundÖzçoban, M. A., & Tan, O. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1480228 · Cited by 22
Soh, J. F., Almadani, A. H., Beaulieu, S., Rajji, T. K., Mulsant, B. H., Su, C., Renaud, S., Mucsi, I., Torres-Platas, S. G., LEVINSON, A. J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.013 · Cited by 17
Zheng, S., Guo, J., Xin, Q., Galfalvy, H., Ye, Y., Yan, N., Qian, R., Mann, J. J., Li, E., Xue, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.042 · Cited by 16
Tiu, V. E., Popescu, B. O., Enache, I. I., Tiu, C., Terecoasă, E., & Panea, C. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12112571 · Cited by 17
“Depressive disorders may also lead to various degrees of cognitive impairment, varying in impact with patient age and depression severity (more severe symptoms being associated with worse cognitive performance) [51,52].”
BackgroundLin, J., Su, Y., Shi, C., Liu, Q., Wang, G., Wei, J., Zhu, G., Chen, Q., Tian, H., Zhang, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.068 · Cited by 17
Qiu, Y., Yang, M., Li, S., Teng, Z., Jin, K., Wu, C., Xu, X., Chen, J., Tang, H., Huang, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739210 · Cited by 15
Klojčnik, M., & Bakračevič, K. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2021.1941965 · Cited by 15
Cano, N., Gómez-Hernández, J., Ariza, M., Mora, T., Mora, T., Porras-García, B., & Garolera, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1441018 · Cited by 15
“…findings highlight the significant influence of cognitive enhancement as a potential approach for reducing depressive symptoms (Simons et al., 2009; Pan et al., 2019) and thereby reinforcing the reciprocal, bidirectional relationship between cognition and depressive symptoms (Csajbók et al., 2023).”
BackgroundPsychiatric Symptoms, Cognition, and Symptom Severity in Children
Pines, A. R., Tozzi, L., Bertrand, C., Keller, A. S., Zhang, X., Whitfield, S., Hastie, T. J., Larsen, B., Leikauf, J. E., & Williams, L. M. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2399 · Cited by 12
Bianchi, R., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695539 · Cited by 14
Zhao, W., Zhu, D., Li, S., Cui, S., Jiang, P., Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, J., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110577 · Cited by 15
Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Antidepressant Treatment
Lachmansingh, D. A., Lavelle, A., Cryan, J. F., & Clarke, G. A. (2023) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2023_449 · Cited by 17
Yuan, X., Chai, J., Xu, W., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-024-10326-z · Cited by 15
“Thus, addressing cognitive dysfunction in treatment is essential for enhancing overall performance in both occupational and functional areas [178, 179].”
Lyu, H., Zhao, M., Xu, P., Li, Y., Jiang, C., Zhao, H., Shen, W., Hu, X., Wang, K., Xu, Y., et al. (2023) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2023.2287735 · Cited by 14
“Previous studies have found that it may be related to abnormalities in the structural and functional connectivity of brain regions (Jamieson et al. 2019; Pan et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2022).”
BackgroundWang, L., Huo, Y., Yao, L., Zhang, N., Ma, S., Nie, Z., Wang, W., Zhou, E., Xu, S., Weng, S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1494032 · Cited by 18
“Existing evidence suggests that improving cognitive function with the use of antidepressants is often associated with alleviations in the severity of depressive symptoms (43).”
Kennedy, E., Liebel, S. W., Lindsey, H. M., Vadlamani, S., Lei, P., Adamson, M. M., Alda, M., Alonso-Lana, S., Anderson, T., Arango, C., et al. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14070669 · Cited by 16
Age-dependent brain morphometry in Major Depressive disorder
Myoraku, A., Lang, A., Taylor, C. T., Mackin, R. S., Meyerhoff, D. J., Mueller, S. G., Strigo, I. A., & Tosun, D. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102924 · Cited by 13
Intrinsic Organization of Occipital Hubs Predicts Depression: A Resting-State fNIRS Study
Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, N., Yang, L., Yu, Z., Li, H., Xu, Q., Zhou, J., Ji, C., Mao, H., et al. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12111562 · Cited by 14
Wang, H., Tian, S., Yan, R., Tang, H., Shi, J., Zhu, R., Chen, Y., Han, Y., Chen, Z., Zhou, H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.126 · Cited by 14
Nahar, Z., Nowshin, D. T., Roknuzzaman, A. S. M., Sohan, M., Islam, S., Qusar, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05463-8 · Cited by 14
“It affects approximately 6% of the world’s population annually, with a higher prevalence in women [15–17].”
BackgroundCiani, M., Rigillo, G., Benatti, C., Pani, L., Blom, J. M. C., Brunello, N., Tascedda, F., & Alboni, S. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666240705143649 · Cited by 14
Kuai, H., Tao, X., & Zhong, N. (2022) · World Wide Web · doi:10.1007/s11280-022-01030-5 · Cited by 13
“For example, studies show that depression not only causes emotional and physical symptoms, but also occupational and functional disability (such as memory, thinking and cognition), which has become a common illness worldwide [80].”
BackgroundZhu, D., Zhao, W., Cui, S., Jiang, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhu, J., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.817607 · Cited by 12
Bernstein, E. E., Wolfe, E. C., Huguenel, B. M., & Wilhelm, S. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/45860 · Cited by 20
Cognition comes of age: comments on the new FDA draft guidance for early Alzheimer’s disease
Harrison, J. (2018) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0386-7 · Cited by 12
Porras-García, B., Rojas-Rincón, J., Adams, A., Garolera, M., & Chang, R. (2024) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0090 · Cited by 12
Cognitive Functions Associated with Brain Imaging Markers in Patients with Psoriasis
Marek‐Józefowicz, L., Lemanowicz, A., Grochocka, M., Wroblewska, M., Białczyk, K., Piec, K., Kozera, G., Serafin, Z., Czajkowski, R., & Borkowska, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095687 · Cited by 11
Conte, G., Costanza, C., Novelli, M., Scarselli, V., Arigliani, E., Valente, F., Baglioni, V., Terrinoni, A., Chiarotti, F., & Cardona, F. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11020226 · Cited by 14
Prenatal maternal Inflammation, childhood cognition and adolescent depressive symptoms
Pike, M. R., Lipner, E., O’Brien, K. J., Breen, E. C., Cohn, B. A., Cirillo, P. M., Krigbaum, N. Y., Kring, A. M., Olino, T. M., Alloy, L. B., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.012 · Cited by 12
“Cognitive dysfunction (e.g., deficits in attention, learning, memory, problem solving and/or processing speed) is a well-studied, correlate of depression in youth (Pan et al., 2019).”
Mind-wandering in daily life in depressed individuals: An experience sampling study
Welhaf, M. S., Mata, J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J. J., Gotlib, I. H., & Thompson, R. J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.111 · Cited by 14
“Specifically, individuals with MDD often report problems with executive functioning and memory (for reviews Lee et al., 2012; Pan et al., 2019).”
Tarantini, L., Möller, C., Schiestl, V., Sordon, S., Noll‐Hussong, M., Wittemann, M., Menzie, N., & Riemenschneider, M. J. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-025-01978-1 · Cited by 11
“Recently, Pan et al. (2019) [42], suggest a bidirectional link: cognitive impairment in depression hinders psychosocial functioning, which in turn elevates and maintains depressive symptoms.”
Zhou, X., Lin, Z., Yang, W., Xiang, M., Zhou, B., & Zou, Z. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.049 · Cited by 13
Exploring the application boundaries of LLMs in mental health: a systematic scoping review
Yang, J., Liu, T., Luo, Y. T., Niu, T., Pang, P. C., Ao, X., & Yang, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1715306 · Cited by 16
“For instance, major depressive disorder often manifests as persistent low mood, loss of interest, and fatigue, significantly impairing an individual’s ability to study or work (Pan et al., 2019).”
Szyszkowska, J., & Bala, A. (2023) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.05.351 · Cited by 11
Prevalence of cognitive frailty among Chinese older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, Z., Lu, L., Zuo, S., et al. (2025) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.07.008 · Cited by 10
Gaffney, A. W. (2021) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.07.037 · Cited by 10
Pembroke, L., Sherman, K. A., Francis, H., Dhillon, H. M., Gurney, H., & Gillatt, D. A. (2024) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-024-09639-1 · Cited by 11
“2 Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear risk of bias and applicability concerns (Pan et al., 2019).”
Memory awareness in patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Mendes, T., Cardoso, S., Guerreiro, M., Marôco, J. P., Silva, D., Alves, L., Schmand, B. A., do Couto, F. S., Figueira, M. L., & de Mendonça, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.016 · Cited by 10
“, 2020), and treatment of cognitive deficits experienced by patients with MDD may contribute to improve functional outcomes (Pan et al., 2019).”
BackgroundWei, Y., Xu, X., Guo, Q., Zhao, S., Qiu, Y., Wang, D., Yu, W., Liu, Y., & Wang, K. (2023) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.024 · Cited by 9
“Vortioxetine is a multi-targeted antidepressant approved for the treatment of adult MDD, and it acts as an antagonist of 5-HT 3 ( K i Z 3.7 nmol/L), 5-HT 1D ( K i Z 54 nmol/L) and 5-HT 7 ( K i Z 19 nmol/L); a partial agonist of 5-HT 1B ( K i Z 33 nmol/L) and a 5-HT 1A agonist ( K i Z 15 nmol/L) as well as a serotonin…”
BackgroundInfluentialGuo, W., Liu, B., Wei, X., Ju, Y., Wang, M., Dong, Q., Lu, X., Sun, J., Zhang, L., Guo, H., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115413 · Cited by 9
The interplay of depressive symptoms and self-efficacy in adolescents: a network analysis approach
Li, X., Xia, B., Shen, G., Dong, R., Su, X., & Yang, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1419920 · Cited by 9
Mao, R., Wang, C., Cui, L., Mellor, D. J., Wu, Z., & Fang, Y. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05557-x · Cited by 9
“In addition to emotional symptoms, cognitive dysfunction is a core trait of MDD, including areas such as memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function [6, 7].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Pan, Z., Park, C., Brietzke, E., Zuckerman, H., Rong, C., Mansur, R. B., Fus, D., Subramaniapillai, M., Lee, Y., & McIntyre, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McIntyre, Roger S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- CNS Spectrums
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2018-11-23
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-29
- ISSN
- 1092-8529 (ISSN-L)
- 2165-6509
- OpenAlex
- W2901954088
- Semantic Scholar
- 3ed10b2aa1187ce71f325187e67ab657165d7191
- Cited by
- 320
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CNS Spectrums (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, cognitive impairment, learning and memory, executive function, processing speed, attention, antidepressants, neuroinflammation, neurobiological mechanisms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, treatment goals
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Humans, Nootropic Agents
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