The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 67 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care
Open accessAbstract
This editorial provides an overview of how far access to mental health care is limited by perceptions of stigma and anticipated discrimination. Globally over 70% of young people and adults with mental illness receive no treatment from healthcare staff. The rates of non-treatment are far higher in low income countries. Evidence from some descriptive studies and epidemiological surveys suggest that potent factors increasing the likelihood of treatment avoidance, or long delays before presenting for care include: (i) lack of knowledge about the features and treatability of mental illnesses; (ii) ignorance about how to access assessment and treatment; (iii) prejudice against people who have mental illness, and (iv) expectations of discrimination against people who have a diagnosis of mental illness. The associations between low rates of help seeking, and stigma and discrimination are as yet poorly understood and require more careful characterisation and analysis, providing the platform for more effective action to ensure that a greater proportion of people with mental illness are effectively treated in future.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This editorial argues that stigma and discrimination are major barriers to mental health care, with most people with mental illness untreated worldwide. It synthesizes evidence on treatment gaps, help-seeking delays, and disadvantaged groups, concluding that the links between low help seeking and stigma/discrimination remain poorly understood.
Key findings
- Globally over 70% of young people and adults with mental illness receive no treatment from healthcare staff; in the USA 31% are affected annually but 67% are untreated, in Europe 27% are affected and 74% receive no treatment, and in Nigeria only 1.6% received mental health care over 12 months. A WHO overview of 37 studies found untreated proportions of 32.2% for schizophrenia, 56.3% for depression, 56.0% for dysthymia, 50.2% for bipolar disorder, 55.9% for panic disorder, 57.5% for generalised anxiety disorder, 57.3% for obsessive compulsive disorder, and 78.1% for alcohol abuse and dependence.
- Help seeking is often delayed: after clear-cut signs of a psychotic disorder, it takes on average over a year to first receive assessment and treatment; in a US survey of almost 10,000 adults, average delays were 8 years for mood disorders and at least 9 years for anxiety disorders. Only 41% of people with mental illness in the previous year had received any treatment, and a quarter first went to a member of the clergy (31% in the 1950s and 24% in the 1990s), more than went first to a psychiatrist (17%) or general medical practitioner (17%).
- Stigma and anticipated discrimination reduce help seeking: in a survey of over 3000 US military staff after combat duty in Iraq or Afghanistan, 60–77% of unwell soldiers did not seek mental health care, largely related to concerns about stigmatisation. In rural Virginia, over a third of residents had a diagnosed mental disorder but only 6% sought help; African Americans receive mental health care about half as often as white people.
- Stigma is described as an amalgamation of ignorance/misinformation, prejudice, and discrimination, with rejection and avoidance of people with mental illness appearing universal; no known country, society, or culture considers people with a mental illness diagnosis to have the same value and acceptability as those without.
Methods
- Design: editorial overview, not primary research; it synthesizes descriptive studies, epidemiological surveys, and prior reviews to examine how stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care.
- Data/sample: no primary dataset; evidence includes a WHO overview of 37 studies, a US national survey of almost 10,000 adults, a survey of over 3000 military staff, and other cited studies from multiple countries.
- Main analysis: narrative synthesis of treatment rates, help-seeking delays, pathways to care, and stigma/discrimination factors, with illustrative quotations and examples.
Limitations
- The paper states that the associations between low rates of help seeking and stigma/discrimination are “as yet poorly understood and require more careful characterisation and analysis”; it also states that the quality of information is relatively poor, with very few comparative studies between countries or over time, and that rural evidence is patchy.
- Evident from the text: as an editorial, it does not describe a systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or quantitative synthesis, so its conclusions rely on selected cited studies and examples rather than a formal systematic review.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
46 Not checked yet · 4 No basis given · 2 Own interpretation
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Globally over 70% of young people and adults with mental illness receive no treatment from healthcare staff.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohn et al, 2004a
- Not checked yetcites Thornicroft, 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This under-treatment occurs even in countries with the best resources”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohn et al, 2004a
- Not checked yetcites Thornicroft, 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the reluctance of many people to seek help for mental illness related problems because of their anticipation of stigma should they be diagnosed”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohn et al, 2004a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The combination of these three elements has a powerful force for social exclusion”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > STIGMA: A COMBINATION OF IGNORANCE, PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Thornicroft, 2006b
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The rates of non-treatment are far higher in low income countries.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“studies from several countries have consistently found that even after a family member has developed clear-cut signs of a psychotic disorder, on average it is over a year until the unwell person first receives assessment and treatment”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Compton et al., 2004
- Not checked yetcites Johannessen et al., 2001
- Not checked yetcites Black et al., 2001
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“lack of knowledge about the features and treatability of mental illnesses”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The study concluded that 'most people with mental disorders in the United States remain either untreated or poorly treated.'”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2005b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the reluctance of many people who do have a diagnosis of mental illness to advocate for better mental health care for fear of shame and rejection if they disclose their condition”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohn et al, 2004a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“at least two thirds receive no treatment”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohn et al, 2004a
- Not checked yetcites Thornicroft, 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 26
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Even under better resourced countries, it is known that most people with a mental illness in the United States do not seek assistance.An early national survey found that fewer than one third of all mentally ill people received assessment and treatment, although the rate rose to 60% for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Narrow et al, 1993
- Not checked yetcites Regier et al, 1993
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al, 2005b
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Revealingly the general public thought that mental health staff is useful for treating people with schizophrenia, but not for depression.The reason for this is that most people felt that schizophrenia was caused by biological or uncontrollable influences, while they understood depression to be a consequence of 'social disintegration'”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Angermeyer et al, 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mental health specialists providing care that was at least reasonable in about half (48%) of the cases they say, while in primary care only 13% of people treated received care that was adequate”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2005b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The proportions of people with mental illness who are treated in low and medium resource countries (LAMIC) are far less, for example a recent worldwide survey found that the proportion of respondents receiving mental health care over 12 months was as low as 1.6% in Nigeria, and that in most of the 17 countries studied only a minority of people with severe disorder received treatment”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An international study of depression found that 0% of people with depression in St. Petersburg received evidence-based treatment in primary care, and only 3% were referred on to specialist mental health care at all (Simon et al, 2004a).But the major barrier to care in that Russian site was money: an inability to afford treatment costs was the main barrier to care for 75% of the depressed Russian”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Simon et al, 2004a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Unmet needs were greater for the poor: older people, minority ethnic groups, those with low incomes or without insurance, and residents of rural areas”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2005b
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“So no single factor is enough to explain complex patterns of help seeking.Nevertheless the weight of evidence does suggest that even when there are no major financial barriers to care, that many people do not seek help or minimize their contact with services in an attempt to avoid being labeled as mentally ill”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Corrigan, 2004a
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the USA, for example, 31% of the population are affected by mental illness every year, but 67% of these individuals are not treated”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al, 2005a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“People who wait longer than average before receiving care are more likely to be young, old, male, poorly educated, or a member of a racial/ethnic minority”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2005a
- Not checked yetcites Morgan & Fearon, 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed one particular study of depressed people in St Petersburg only 3% were treated (Simon et al, 2004b), both because of the low level of coverage of services, and because of demand limiting factors such as the need for out-of-pocket payments to afford treatment.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Simon et al, 2004b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in Europe mental illness affects 27% of people every year, 74% of whom receive no treatment”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The results showed that the majority of people with mental disorders eventually contact treatment services, but they often wait a long time before doing so: with average delays before seeking help of 8 years for mood disorders, and at least 9 years for anxiety disorders.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al, 2005a
plainn = 10,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although each year approaching 30% of the population worldwide has some form of mental illness”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > MOST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS ARE NOT TREATED
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohn et al, 2004a
- Not checked yetcites Thornicroft, 2007
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several American studies suggest that African Americans receive mental health care about half as often as white people (Diala et al, 2000;Snowden, 2001;Snowden, 2003), even though they have higher rates of some mental disorders”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Diala et al, 2000
- Not checked yetcites Snowden, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Snowden, 2003
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similar findings also emerged from a study in Iowa where people living in the most rural environments were more likely to hold stigmatising attitudes toward mental health care than people in towns, and such views strongly predicted willingness to seek care”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hoyt et al, 1997
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They concluded that the 'reasons for the continuing gap include patient, provider, and health care system factors.Patient-based reasons include: failure to recognize the symptoms, underestimating the severity, limited access, reluctance to see a mental health care specialist due to stigma, noncompliance with treatment, and lack of health insurance.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hirschfeld et al, 1997
- Not checked yetcites Castiello & Magliano, 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, this paper shows that stigmatisation against people with mental illness is common wherever it has been studied, and that these processes present formidable barriers both to social inclusion and to proper access to mental health care.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Black people with a mental illness are more likely to seek help if their families are supportive, and if a family member has had a positive personal experience of mental health care.In one study they did not view mental health on a continuum of wellbeing, but tended to think of themselves as either mentally healthy or mentally ill.Many interviewees said they did not think they were 'crazy',”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hines-Martin et al, 2003a
- Not checked yetcites Davis & Ford, 2004
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The rural residents with a history of depression labeled people who sought professional help more negatively than their urban counterparts.By the same token, those who labeled depression more negatively were less likely to have sought professional help”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rost et al, 1993
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A study of parents in rural areas of North Carolina concluded that although as many as 20% of children had some type of treatable mental illness, only about one-third of them received help from the mental health system (Costello et ai, 2001;Angold et ai, 2002).The researchers found that one of the main barriers to care was stigma toward the use of the mental health care.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Costello et al, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Angold et al, 2002
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So it seems to be true that stigma about mental illness is no less in many rural areas, and may be even stronger than in towns and cities.In part this may be based upon fears that a rural community will learn details about a period of mental illness, while it is easier in cities to remain anonymous.”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Most of the unwell soldiers (60-77%) did not seek mental health care, largely related to concerns about possible stigmatisation”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hoge et al., 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These factors have been described as: socio-cultural (health beliefs and mistrust of services), systemic (lack of culturally competent practices in mental health services) (Corrigan et al, 2004), economic (lack of health insurance), or individual barriers (denial of mental health problems)”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Corrigan et al, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Swanson & Ward, 1995
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a survey of rural residents in Virginia found that over a third of the population had a diagnosed mental disorder, but only 6% subsequently sought help, and those who did not go for treatment said that they 'felt there was no need'”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fox et al, 1999
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The interplay of these factors produces the contradictory situation in which black groups may have higher rates of many mental illnesses, lower rates of general referral and treatment, but higher rates of compulsory treatment and forensic service contact”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Keating & Robertson, 2004
- Not checked yetcites National Institute for Mental Health in England, 2003
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The following common beliefs are likely to reduce their likelihood of seeking help: that psychiatric treatments are ineffective (Corrigan, 2004b); that others would react with avoidance; or that a person should solve their own problems”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Corrigan, 2004b
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al, 2001
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Evidence from Tennessee also showed that among people who were mentally unwell, those more likely to seek help were women, younger people and those who had been treated for a mental illness previously”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith et al, 2004
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is no known country, society or culture in which people with mental illness with a diagnosis are considered to have the same value and to be as acceptable as people who do not have mental illness.
“Indeed there is no known country, society or culture in which people with mental illness with a diagnosis are considered to have the same value and to be as acceptable as people who do not have mental illness.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The core experiences of shame and blame are common everywhere stigma has been studied, but to differing extents.
“The core experiences of shame (to oneself and one's family) and blame (from others) are common everywhere stigma has been studied, but to differing extents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Rejection and avoidance of people with a diagnosis of mental illness appear to be a universal phenomenon.
“Finally, rejection and avoidance of people with a diagnosis of mental illness appear to be universal phenomenon”
The paper relies on this without support.
A strong reluctance to be seen as mentally ill appears to be a universal phenomenon.
“A strong reluctance to be seen as mentally ill appears to be a universal phenomenon.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most people of all cultures have relatively little accurate and useful knowledge about mental illness.
“There is an important general point here: that most people of all cultures have relatively little accurate and useful knowledge about mental illness.”
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“Thus, discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes present in society not only severely impact the recovery process, quality of life, and well-being of people with mental illnesses and their families, but also represent the main gap in accessing specialized mental health services by the general population [4,5].”
From Innovative Technology–Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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In the paper
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
“Only about a third”
§ Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care > LIMITED ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
“(41%)”
Citations
Cites
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- 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.9.1626 · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rüsch, N., Brown, J. S. L., & Thornicroft, G. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000129 · Cited by 3,152
“…underfunding of mental health services, insuf fi cient health insurance coverage for mental ill health, media stereotypes) on access to mental health care (Schomerus & Angermeyer, 2008; Vogel et al. 2008), although we have delineated the potential role of structural stigma in our conceptual model.”
Self-citationEvidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination
Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., Koschorke, M., Shidhaye, R., O'Reilly, C., & Henderson, C. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00298-6 · Cited by 1,338
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Mental Illness Stigma, Help Seeking, and Public Health Programs
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“Low levels of knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behaviour are associated with lower rates of help-seeking, undertreatment and social exclusion of people with mental health problems (Rusch et al. 2005 ; Thornicroft, 2008 ; Patel et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOECD (2021) · OECD Health Policy Studies · doi:10.1787/4ed890f6-en · Cited by 407
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“This attests to the importance of stigma as a key factor limiting access to mental health care [11-14,60].”
Self-citationYamaguchi, S., Wu, S., Biswas, M., Madinah, Y., Aoki, Y. Y., Barley, E. A., & Thornicroft, G. (2013) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31829480df · Cited by 219
“Stigmatization may also lead to a reluctance to seek out and use mental health services (Thornicroft, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationModgill, G., Patten, S. B., Knaak, S. J., Kassam, A., & Szeto, A. C. H. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-120 · Cited by 217
“In addition, stigmatizing attitudes or behaviours by health care providers have the potential to lead to a lack of access to care, to under-treatment [14], to social marginalization [15], and can undermine the relationship between the patient and provider.”
BackgroundStigma and discrimination as a barrier to mental health service utilization in India
Shidhaye, R., & Kermode, M. (2013) · International Health · doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihs011 · Cited by 191
Kassam, A., Glozier, N., Leese, M., Henderson, C., & Thornicroft, G. (2010) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01562.x · Cited by 194
“of care given to people with mental illness (8, 9).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGronholm, P. C., Thornicroft, G., Laurens, K. R., & Evans-Lacko, S. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000344 · Cited by 181
“These influences have been explored in narrative reviews (Corrigan, 2004; Schomerus & Angermeyer, 2008; Thornicroft, 2008) and one systematic review (Clement et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPerry, Y., Petrie, K., Buckley, H., Cavanagh, L., Clarke, D., Winslade, M., Hadzi‐Pavlovic, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Christensen, H. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.08.001 · Cited by 167
“Poor literacy is associatedwith lower rates of help-seeking and service use, as well as societal stigma and discriminatory behaviour (Evans-Lacko, Brohan, Mojtabai, & Thornicroft, 2012; Rusch, Evans-Lacko, Henderson, Flach, & Thornicroft, 2011; Thornicroft, 2008).”
BackgroundUser-Centered App Adaptation of a Low-Intensity E-Mental Health Intervention for Syrian Refugees
Burchert, S., Alkneme, M. S., Bird, M., Carswell, K., Cuijpers, P., Hansen, P., Heim, E., Harper Shehadeh, M., Sijbrandij, M., van't Hof, E., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00663 · Cited by 160
“This underlines the importance of addressing the acceptability of the intervention within the cultural context by considering factors such as health literacy, health beliefs (61) and mental health related stigma (62, 63).”
BackgroundExperiences of discrimination among people Using mental health services in England 2008-2011
Corker, E., Hamilton, S., Henderson, C., Weeks, C., Pinfold, V., Rose, D. S., Williams, P. R., Flach, C., Gill, V., Lewis-Holmes, E., et al. (2013) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.112912 · Cited by 165
Self-citationFactors associated with multiple barriers to access to primary care: an international analysis
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“Finally, for people with mental health conditions, there may be additional factors at play such as the stigmatisation related to seeking care [22] as well as a lack of preparation of PC providers to deal with mental health issues [23].”
Intergroup contact and mental health stigma: a comparative effectiveness meta-analysis
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“For some individuals, accessing care can be challenging due to experiences of stigma, discrimination, or social isolation (Thornicroft, 2008), though there are additional barriers such as geographic distance, poverty, long wait-times, and out-of-pocket expenses associated with seeking treatment…”
BackgroundTheoretical and Practical Considerations for Combating Mental Illness Stigma in Health Care
Ungar, T., Knaak, S. J., & Szeto, A. C. H. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9910-4 · Cited by 150
“…behaviors and practices, diagnostic overshadowing, fragmentation and marginalization, and less timely and/or less adequate treatment for non-mental health medical concerns (Atzema et al. 2011; Ross and Goldner 2009; Stuart et al. 2012; Thornicroft 2006, 2008; Thornicroft et al. 2010).”
BackgroundPsychological distress in patients with pancreatic cancer—an understudied group
Clark, K. L., Loscalzo, M. J., Trask, P. C., Zabora, J. R., & Philip, E. J. (2010) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1697 · Cited by 132
“Although the small sample size of completers may be a contributing factor, it is also possible that this percentage may be indicative of a larger issue regarding the stigmatization of mental health issues in medical care [16].”
BackgroundAnderson, R. E., McKenny, M., Mitchell, A., Koku, L., & Stevenson, H. C. (2017) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798417732930 · Cited by 133
“Furthermore, medical services and clinical programs have a history of racial misconduct which has led to skepticism among African Americans regarding the use of therapeutic services (Thornicroft, 2008; Washington, 2006).”
BackgroundPappa, E., Kontodimopoulos, N., Papadopoulos, A. A., Tountas, Y., & Niakas, D. A. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10052017 · Cited by 121
“There is evidence that access to mental health care is limited due to stigma and discrimination [30] or the fear of treatment [31,32].”
BackgroundAn end to coercion: rights and decision-making in mental health care
Sugiura, K., Mahomed, F., Saxena, S., & Patel, V. (2019) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.19.234906 · Cited by 122
“Although inclusion in the community may be challenging when people experience acute distress or exhibit a propensity to harm themselves or others, there should always be a presumption against restricting their right to inclusion arbitrarily or unreasonably.(19) Failure to uphold this presumption merely exacerbates the…”
BackgroundHeim, E., Henderson, C., Kohrt, B. A., Koschorke, M., Milenova, M., & Thornicroft, G. (2020) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796019000167 · Cited by 104
“…been shown also to be prevalent among health professionals worldwide (Henderson et al., 2014; Vistorte et al., 2018), with negative consequences for people with mental disorders, such as limited access to health care (Thornicroft, 2008) and increased mortality (Thornicroft, 2011; Liu et al., 2017).”
Self-citationGronholm, P. C., Nye, E., & Michelson, D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.023 · Cited by 124
“In particular, issues of mental illness-related stigma are crucial to ensuring that mental health interventions are socially acceptable to the intended recipients (Corrigan, 2004; Schomerus and Angermeyer, 2008; Thornicroft, 2008).”
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“Acceptable reliability and validity, including in clinical samples [12] FMI i Mindfulness skills a K10: Kessler 10.”
BackgroundFirst episode psychosis and the trail to secondary care: help-seeking and health-system delays
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“Reluctance to seek help is not specific to psychosis or indeed mental illnesses [31, 52, 53, 56].”
BackgroundMaulik, P. K., Devarapalli, S., Kallakuri, S., Tewari, A., Chilappagari, S., Koschorke, M., & Thornicroft, G. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002804 · Cited by 103
“Two concerns that continued to be ranked highly at post-intervention were concerns that the children may be taken away without agreement and what colleagues at the workplace may think of a person seeking mental health treatment – barriers identified in an earlier review of both quantitative and qualitative studies (Th…”
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“People often refrain from accessing the support and care they need for fear of being negatively labeled by relatives or friends on account of their mental health status (Angermeyer and Matschinger, 2003; Thornicroft, 2008).”
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“In concordance with earlier work [20], they conclude that stigma has a significantly detrimental impact on mental health care seeking, and rates highly in relation to other barriers to care [19].”
BackgroundNon-Communicable Diseases-Related Stigma: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Rai, S. S., Syurina, E. V., Peters, R. M. H., Putri, A. I., & Zweekhorst, M. B. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186657 · Cited by 89
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“The stigma associated with mental illness may act as a treatment barrier to professional mental healthcare (Gulliver et al., 2010; Thornicroft, 2008).”
Self-citationEPA Guidance on Building Trust in Mental Health Services
Gäebel, W., Muijen, M., Baumann, A., Bhugra, D., Wasserman, D., van der Gaag, R. J., Heun, R., & Zielasek, J. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.01.001 · Cited by 75
“lack of knowledge about the features and treatability of mental illnesses; ignorance about how to access assessment and treatment; prejudice against people who have mental illness; expectations of discrimination against people who have a diagnosis of mental illness [61].”
BackgroundAli, A., King, M., Strydom, A., & Hassiotis, A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.046 · Cited by 71
Child mental health in Sierra Leone: a survey and exploratory qualitative study
Yoder, H. N. C., Tol, W. A., Reis, R., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0080-8 · Cited by 77
“Generally, stigma is considered a significant barrier to seeking professional help [94].”
BackgroundSedgwick-Müller, J. A., Müller-Sedgwick, U., Adamou, M., Catani, M., Champ, R., Gudjónsson, G., Hank, D., Pitts, M., Young, S., & Asherson, P. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03898-z · Cited by 70
“with ADHD? Stigmata are the beliefs, attitudes and structures that interact at an individual, group, or institutional level, to discriminate against a person based on a perceivable social characteristic that sets them aside from others [157].”
BackgroundBreaking the barriers: overcoming dementia-related stigma in minority communities
Siette, J., Meka, A., & Antoniades, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1278944 · Cited by 79
“These barriers have cascading negative effects on the physical and mental health of individuals, leading to delayed or inadequate access to healthcare, social exclusion, and detrimental psychological consequences (20–23).”
BackgroundRomanelli, M., Lu, W., & Lindsey, M. A. (2018) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-018-0868-8 · Cited by 72
Stigma associated with mental illness: perspectives of university students in Qatar
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“In mental illness, stigma is one of the main factors that inhibit people from seeking help.(9) Stigmatization occurs globally and is prevalent not only among the general public, but even among health care professionals.”
BackgroundRodríguez-Rivas, M. E., Cangas, A. J., Cariola, L. A., Varela, J. J., & Valdebenito, S. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/35099 · Cited by 68
“As stigma is a complex social phenomenon transversally present in the society [1-6], innovative interventions involving use of technologies can be an effective tool for its reduction.”
BackgroundLongitudinal assessment of an anti-stigma campaign related to common mental disorders in rural India
Maulik, P. K., Devarapalli, S., Kallakuri, S., Tripathi, A. P., Koschorke, M., & Thornicroft, G. (2019) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.190 · Cited by 67
Self-citationCountering the stigmatisation and discrimination of people with mental health problems in Europe
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“These findings are in line with many studies which have demonstrated that the ignorance and lack of awareness about mental health are key elements that lead to stigma against mental health and persons with mental disorders [6].”
ResultTHE MENTAL HEALTH GAP IN SOUTH AFRICA - A HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE
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Barriers to Family Caregivers’ Coping With Patients With Severe Mental Illness in Iran
Ebrahimi, H., Seyedfatemi, N., Areshtanab, H. N., Ranjbar, F., Thornicroft, G., Whitehead, B., & Rahmani, F. (2018) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732318758644 · Cited by 66
Self-citationSpagnolo, J., Champagne, F., Leduc, N., Rivard, M., Piat, M., Laporta, M., Melki, W., & Charfi, F. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0243-x · Cited by 67
Ferlatte, O., Salway, T. J., Rice, S., Oliffe, J. L., Rich, A. J., Knight, R., Morgan, J., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2019) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00445-1 · Cited by 64
“2012; Thornicroft 2008).”
Explicit and Implicit Attitudes of Canadian Psychiatrists toward People with Mental Illness
Dabby, L., Tranulis, C., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2015) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371506001006 · Cited by 73
Stigma and psychological distress in suicide survivors
Scocco, P., Preti, A., Totaro, S., Ferrari, A., & Toffol, E. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.12.016 · Cited by 62
“People often refrain from seeking the support and care they need for fear of having negative labels attached to them by relatives or friends on account of their mental health status [11, 12, 13].”
BackgroundMental Health Service Use by Young People: The Role of Caregiver Characteristics
Gronholm, P. C., Ford, T. J., Roberts, R. E., Thornicroft, G., Laurens, K. R., & Evans-Lacko, S. E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120004 · Cited by 68
“This corresponds with the pervasive manner in which stigma can form a barrier for adults’ service use [51–53].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCross-Cultural Differences in the Use of Online Mental Health Support Forums
Pendse, S. R., Niederhoffer, K. G., & Sharma, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359169 · Cited by 65
“In the context of reduced access to care [70] and widely prevalent stigma against accessing mental health services [93], online mental health forums have become one avenue by which people experiencing mental distress can both express how they are feeling in a safe environment [58] and look for support online [63].”
BackgroundUnlocking the Potential of Electronic Health Records for Health Research
Lee, S. “., Xu, Y., D’Souza, A. G., Martin, E. A., Doktorchik, C. T. A., Zhang, Z., & Quan, H. (2020) · International Journal for Population Data Science · doi:10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1123 · Cited by 63
“Previous research on data quality demonstrates that there are potential biases and other issues that need to be accounted for [19-23], and EHR data is no exception.”
BackgroundDevkota, G., Basnet, P., Thapa, B. K., & Subedi, M. S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250694 · Cited by 59
Taylor, D., & Richards, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00043 · Cited by 73
“While many research studies (Williams and Williams-Morris, 2000; Alvidrez et al., 2008; Thornicroft, 2008; Henderson et al., 2012; Shefer et al., 2012) have identified stigma as a barrier to youth accessing mental health services and/or supports, there is a paucity of research that focuses on how the stigma of mental…”
BackgroundRojas‐Velasquez, D., Pluhar, E., Burns, P., & Burton, E. T. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01147-x · Cited by 62
“Furthermore, considering the stigma attached to mental illness in minority communities (Corrigan 2004; Thornicroft 2008), it is possible that youth of color are disclosing at much lower rates than their peers from majority groups.”
BackgroundEpping, J., Muschik, D., & Geyer, S. (2017) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0644-5 · Cited by 57
“Thornicroft states that the “lack of knowledge about features and treatability of mental illnesses” increases the likelihood of treatment avoidance [30].”
BackgroundWilliams, S.-L. L., & Cabrera-Nguyen, E. P. (2015) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000040 · Cited by 56
“…self-reliance, racism/discrimination, concerns about the effectiveness of mental health services, and the impact of health insurance (particularly among emerging adults who may receive mental health services beginning at 18 years of age) (Buser, 2009; Ojeda & Bergstresser, 2008; Thornicroft, 2008).”
Kaur, A., Kallakuri, S., Mukherjee, A., Wahid, S. S., Kohrt, B. A., Thornicroft, G., & Maulik, P. K. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-023-00577-8 · Cited by 54
“Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness (PWMI) is ubiquitous and creates hurdles for mental health service utilization and help-seeking [5] which further contributes to the treatment gap for mental illnesses [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTippin, G. K., & Maranzan, K. A. (2019) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12590 · Cited by 55
Newton, A. S., Rosychuk, R. J., Dong, K. A., Curran, J., Slomp, M., & McGrath, P. J. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.111697 · Cited by 53
Gras, L. M., Swart, M., Slooff, C. J., van Weeghel, J., Knegtering, H., & Castelein, S. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0931-z · Cited by 53
“Indeed, healthcare professionals stigmatize psychiatric patients as often as the general public [2, 5, 19].”
BackgroundCarswell, C., Brown, J. V. E., Lister, J., Ajjan, R., Alderson, S. L., Balogun-Katung, A., Bellass, S., Double, K., Gilbody, S. M., Hewitt, C. E., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04117-5 · Cited by 55
Challenges in acute care of people with co-morbid mental illness
Giandinoto, J., & Edward, K. (2014) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2014.23.13.728 · Cited by 51
Beaulieu, T., Patten, S. B., Knaak, S. J., Weinerman, R., Campbell, H. L., & Lauria-Horner, B. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716686919 · Cited by 57
“The literature does suggest a clear, inverse relationship between providers’ stigma and patients’ willingness to seek help.(13-17) Also, there is an important spillover effect on the provision of care for physical ailments: It has been suggested that diagnostic overshadowing and pessimistic views about adherence to tr…”
BackgroundBitan, D. T., Berzin, D., & Cohen, A. D. (2020) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-020-02064-3 · Cited by 51
Performance Measurement for Health System ImprovementPreprint
Smith, P., Mossialos, E. A., Papanicolas, I., & Leatherman, S. T. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 50
The Stigma of Reproductive Health Services Utilization by Unmarried Women
Mohammadi, F., Kohan, S., Mostafavi, F., & Gholami, A. (2016) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.24231 · Cited by 56
Stigma and access to care in first‐episode psychosis
Kular, A., Perry, B. I., Brown, L., Gajwani, R., Jasani, R., Islam, Z., Birchwood, M. J., & Singh, S. P. (2018) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12756 · Cited by 55
“Stigma has been reported as an important barrier to help-seeking, with disclosure and worries about confidentiality being the strongest elements of the stigma barrier (Clement et al., 2014; Mojtabai et al., 2011; Thornicroft, 2008).”
BackgroundResultOpioid Addiction Stigma: The Intersection of Race, Social Class, and Gender
Wood, E. F., & Elliott, M. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1703750 · Cited by 51
“…& Human Services, 2016), preventing people from seeking and completing treatment (Brener, von Hippel, von Hippel, Resnick, & Treloar, 2010; Thornicroft, 2008), interfering with healthcare providers’ provision of evidence-based treatments (Van Boekel, Brouwers, Van Weeghel, & Garretsen,…”
BackgroundMason, E. C., Grierson, A. B., Sie, A., Sharrock, M. J., Li, I., Chen, A. Z., & Newby, J. M. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac205 · Cited by 50
Whole-person care: from rhetoric to reality. Achieving parity between mental and physical health.
Bailey, S., Thorpe, L. N., & Smith, G. (2013) · Cited by 46
Stigma, mental illness & ethnicity: Time to centre racism and structural stigma
Kapadia, D. (2023) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13615 · Cited by 59
“…researchers, due to the undeniable research evidence that shows that people facing mental illness stigma have worse life chances than those people not affected by mental illness (Corrigan, 2004; Corrigan et al., 2014; Phelan et al., 1998; Schomerus & Angermeyer, 2008; Thornicroft, 2006, 2008).”
BackgroundInterprofessional education in mental health: An opportunity to reduce mental illness stigma
Maranzan, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.3109/13561820.2016.1146878 · Cited by 46
“Stigma also influences the timeliness of seeking help (Thornicroft, 2008).”
BackgroundEffectiveness of an intervention for reducing social stigma towards mental illness in adolescents
Vila‐Badia, R., Martínez-Zambrano, F., Arenas, O., Casas-Anguera, E., García-Morales, E., Villellas, R., Martín, J. R. G., Pérez-Franco, M. B., Valduciel, T., Casellas, D., et al. (2016) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.239 · Cited by 46
Anti-stigma advocacy for health professionals: a systematic review
Guerrero, Z., Iruretagoyena, B., Parry, S., & Henderson, C. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2182421 · Cited by 46
“Outcome measures were categorised based on a definition of stigma as a problem which arises from a lack of knowledge such as ignorance and mis-information, negative attitudes fuelled by prejudices, and excluding or avoiding behaviours, otherwise called discrimination (Thornicroft, 2008).”
Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well-being
Richardson, R., Dale, H. E., Robertson, L., Meader, N., Wellby, G., McMillan, D., & Churchill, R. C. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013127.pub2 · Cited by 43
Alvidrez, J., Snowden, L. R., & Patel, S. G. (2010) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840903342266 · Cited by 54
“Only a handful of studies have used prospective designs to examine stigma and actual service use, an identified gap in the literature on stigma and help-seeking (Schomerus & Angermeyer, 2008; Thornicroft, 2008).”
BackgroundPearson, W. S., Dhingra, S. S., Strine, T. W., Liang, Y. W., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-009-0003-4 · Cited by 45
Hildersley, R., Potts, L. C., Anderson, C., & Henderson, C. (2020) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579602000089x · Cited by 43
“…(Thornicroft et al., 2007), towards people with mental illness contributes to inequality (Phelan et al., 2014), excess mortality (Laursen et al., 2007; Gissler et al., 2013; Starace et al., 2018) and affects help-seeking behaviour (Thornicroft, 2008; Henderson et al., 2013; Schnyder et al., 2017).”
BackgroundRasmussen, J. D., Kakuhikire, B., Baguma, C., Ashaba, S., Cooper‐Vince, C. E., Perkins, J. M., Bangsberg, D. R., & Tsai, A. C. (2019) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002908 · Cited by 45
Brain, C., Sameby, B., Allerby, K., Quinlan, P. S., Joas, E., Lindström, E., Burns, T., & Wærn, M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.016 · Cited by 40
“Fear of stigma connected to the diagnosis and being prescribed antipsychotics and fear of rejection due to revealing psychotic symptoms have been suggested to further increase non-adherence to both psychiatric and physical treatment (Freudenreich et al., 2004; Goff et al., 2010; Thornicroft, 2008).”
BackgroundFacilitators and barriers to employment for people with mental illness: A qualitative study
Netto, J., Yeung, P., Cocks, E., & McNamara, B. A. (2016) · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/jvr-150780 · Cited by 40
“…people with form of oppression and stigma in itself (Marrone & People labelled mentally ill were more likely to be underemployed and earn less than people with the same Just labelling alone can affect employment opportunities stigma of being labelled mentally ill has disabling consequences 2008).”
The Economics of Treatment for Depression
Stecher, C. D., Cloonan, S., & Domino, M. E. (2023) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-061022-040533 · Cited by 43
Socioeconomic status and access to psychotherapy
Niemeyer, H., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23449 · Cited by 45
Anderson, R. E., Jones, S. C. T., Navarro, C. C., McKenny, M., Mehta, T. J., & Stevenson, H. C. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15050898 · Cited by 37
“In considering the need for appropriate interventions for Black American families addressing the common stressor of discrimination, it is important to recall the record of racial misconduct which has historically distanced Black American individuals from seeking health treatment [12,13].”
BackgroundYousuf, S., Beh, P., & Wong, P. W. C. (2013) · Hong Kong Medical Journal · doi:10.12809/hkmj133950 · Cited by 36
Philip, E. J., & Merluzzi, T. V. (2016) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2016.1157716 · Cited by 36
“will desire supportive care, stigma surrounding engagement with mental health services still exists (Thornicroft, 2008) and may therefore deter those who do want help from seeking support.”
BackgroundConditional Disclosure on Pathways to Care: Coping Preferences of Young People at Risk of Psychosis
Gronholm, P. C., Thornicroft, G., Laurens, K. R., & Evans-Lacko, S. E. (2016) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732316680337 · Cited by 40
“…preferences and decisions around disclosure, similarly to what has been reported about stigma-related barriers to care in relation to diagnosable mental health problems and contact with mental health services (Clement et al., 2015; Gulliver et al., 2010; Savage et al., 2016; Thornicroft, 2008).”
Self-citationSchnyder, N., Michel, C., Panczak, R., Ochsenbein, S., Schimmelmann, B., & Schultze‐Lutter, F. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.027 · Cited by 38
Oshodi, Y., Abdulmalik, J. O., Ola, B. A., James, B. O., Bonetto, C., Cristofalo, D., Bortel, T. V. V., Sartorius, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0737-4 · Cited by 38
“Concerted efforts based on local evidence are required to combat the effects of stigma [1, 2], and discrimination of people with mental illness which has been identified as one factor which restricts access to mental health care services [3] violates their human rights and leads to an increased risk of suffering from…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Thornicroft, G.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thornicroft, Graham
- ORCID
- Thornicroft, Graham
- Venue
- Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-19
- ISSN
- 1121-189X (ISSN-L)
- 2038-1816
- OpenAlex
- W1986958797
- Semantic Scholar
- 5bb0083275295c578ac3d6f3bd59044e951f9554
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10053)
- University of Oxford
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- mental health stigma, discrimination, access to mental health care, help-seeking, treatment avoidance, low-income countries, mental health service utilization, prejudice
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Mental Health Services, Stereotyping
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