The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Online CBT in the treatment of child and adolescent anxiety disorders: issues in the development of brave-online and two case illustrations
Open accessAbstract
Abstract This paper describes the rationale for and development of an online cognitive-behavioural treatment for child and adolescent anxiety (BRAVE–ONLINE). It highlights the challenges involved in adapting a clinic-based intervention for delivery using the internet, with separate sessions for parents and their children (or adolescents). We outline strategies to ensure that young people remain engaged in online therapy, and describe techniques designed to optimize the alliance between clients and the online therapist. Two case studies are presented that illustrate the practical and technical aspects of implementing the intervention, and demonstrate the feasibility of achieving successful outcomes using online delivery of CBT for child and adolescent anxiety. However, firm conclusions regarding the efficacy of this approach cannot be drawn until the results of randomized controlled trials are available. The paper identifies directions for future research.
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“When looking specifically at ICBT with adolescents, studies are sparse (Tillfors et al., 2011; Spence et al., 2008; Spence et al., 2011; Lenhard et al., 2014; Lenhard et al., 2017).”
From Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: A feasibility study (2018) · cites this paper as Spence et al., 2008
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“Challenges related to exposure tasks in ICBT seems though to be a general issue in the literature (see for example Spence et al., 2008) more so than a barrier reserved for the present study.”
From Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: A feasibility study (2018) · cites this paper as Spence et al., 2008
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Cites
Kytle, J., & Bandura, A. (1978) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2065952 · Cited by 25,422
Pierce, W. D., & Bandura, A. (1977) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3340496 · Cited by 9,742
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Shaffer, D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010 · Cited by 3,716 · cited 2×
“The Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS; Schaffer et al., 1983) was used to assess global level of functioning. Based on information provided in the ADIS-C/P interviews, the interviewer gave a rating of 0–100 on the CGAS scale. According to Schaffer et al. (1983), scores of 81–100 on the CGAS indicate a normal le…”
MethodRelation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review
Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.3.438 · Cited by 3,355
A measure of anxiety symptoms among children
Spence, S. H. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00034-5 · Cited by 1,928
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6 · Cited by 1,553 · cited 1×
“Items are based on Borkovec and Nau’s (1972) conceptualization of treatment credibility and expectancy, and assess clients’ expectations about the program’s ability to help them overcome anxiety, as well as their own ability to complete the program and use the skills learned during the program to master their anxiety.”
BackgroundFactor structure of the working alliance inventory
Tracey, T. J., & Kokotovic, A. M. (1989) · Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.3.207 · Cited by 1,501 · cited 2×
“The quality of the therapeutic alliance was assessed using the 12-item Working Alliance Inventory-Short Form (WAI-S: Tracey and Kokotovic, 1989).”
MethodTreating anxiety disorders in children: Results of a randomized clinical trial.
Kendall, P. C. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.1.100 · Cited by 1,376
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Achenbach, 2001, Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms and Profiles
- Spence, 2005, BRAVE for Children – ONLINE: an internet based program for children with anxiety
- 10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438 · DOI · Paper page
- Silverman, 1996, Anxiety Disorders Interview schedule for DSM-IV – Child Version: Parent Interview Schedule
- Spence, 2006, BRAVE for Teenagers – ONLINE: an internet based program for adolescents with anxiety
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A randomized controlled trial of online versus clinic-based CBT for adolescent anxiety.
Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Gamble, A., Anderson, R. E., Prosser, S., & Kenardy, J. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024512 · Cited by 381
March, S., Spence, S. H., & Donovan, C. L. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn099 · Cited by 315
“For a more detailed description of the development of the program, see Spence et al. (2008).”
BackgroundRichardson, T., Stallard, P., & Velleman, S. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0069-9 · Cited by 272
“Abeles et al. (2009) recruited children and adolescents with a primary diagnosis of depression, whilst participants in the studies by Cunningham et al. (2009), March et al. (2009) and Spence et al. (2006, 2008) had a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUsing technology to deliver mental health services to children and youth: a scoping review.
Boydell, K., Hodgins, M., Pignatiello, A., Teshima, J., Edwards, H. E., & Willis, D. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 197
Rooksby, M., Elouafkaoui, P., Humphris, G., Clarkson, J., & Freeman, R. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.006 · Cited by 143
Metadata
- Authors
- Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Gamble, A., Anderson, R., Prosser, S., Kercher, A., & Kenardy, J.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Spence, Susan H.
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 411-430
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- OpenAlex
- W2156143452
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, child and adolescent anxiety, online intervention, parent-child therapy, treatment engagement, therapeutic relationship, intervention adaptation, feasibility
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