An open trial in the NHS of Blues Begone®: a new home based computerized CBT program
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Computer based treatment for depression and anxiety has been available for several years and has demonstrated useful clinical effects. Most existing computerized CBT products in the UK that are designed to treat depression and co-morbid anxiety require patients to visit a clinic and require staff input to manage the process. Such intervention adds to the costs and bottlenecks in delivering a clinically effective treatment with mass availability. Internet treatment options are becoming more readily available, although data to support use are not yet strong, and most still require human assessment and telephone support. Blues Begone is a new computerized CBT program that has been designed to be used at home with minimal human support. METHOD: This pilot project provides data from an open trial of Blues Begone with both primary and secondary care patients. RESULTS: One hundred patients started Blues Begone, 58 completed the program, 72% (n = 42) of completers achieved reliable change and (n = 36) 62% achieved both reliable and clinically significant change, and may be considered to have recovered by the end of the program. CONCLUSION: These data provide the first demonstration of the potential viability of Blues Begone as a home based computerized treatment for depression and anxiety.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Psychotherapy for depression is effective in primary care contexts.
“psychotherapy for depression has been found to be effective in primary care contexts (5, 10, 11).”
Cites
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407 · see citing works
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
What Works for Whom?: A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research
Roth, A. D., & Fonagy, P. (1996) · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Cassano, P., & D, M. F. M. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00304-5 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Barkham, M., Margison, F., Leach, C., Lucock, M., Mellor-Clark, J., Evans, C., Benson, L., Connell, J., Audin, K., & McGrath, G. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.184 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Proudfoot, J., Ryden, C., Everitt, B., Shapiro, D. A., Goldberg, D., Mann, A., Tylee, A., Marks, I., & Gray, J. A. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.1.46 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Shapiro, D. A., Barkham, M., Rees, A., Hardy, G. E., Reynolds, S., & Startup, M. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.3.522 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
GELLATLY, J., BOWER, P., HENNESSY, S., RICHARDS, D., GILBODY, S., & LOVELL, K. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707000062 · Cited by 419 · cited 4× · see citing works
“This provides further support to the view of Gellatly et al. (2007) that there may not be a simple relationship between quantity of support and clinical outcome.”
BackgroundInfluentialA meta-analysis of self-help treatment approaches
Gould, R. A., & Clum, G. A. (1993) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(93)90039-o · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Last observation carry‐forward and last observation analysis
Shao, J., & Zhong, B. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1519 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Barkham, M., Gilbert, N. L., Connell, J., Marshall, C., & Twigg, E. (2005) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.3.239 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression: systematic review
Kaltenthaler, E., Parry, G., Beverley, C., & Ferriter, M. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025981 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Bower, P., Richards, D. A., & Lovell, K. (2001) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Westbrook, D., & Kirk, J. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.09.006 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Hands-on Help: computer-aided Psychotherapy
Marks, I. M., Cavanagh, K., & Gega, L. (2007) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34083078 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Marks, I. M., Cavanagh, K., & Gega, L. (2007) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203962152 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The National Service Framework for Mental Health--Five Years On
Appleby, L. (2004) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e624282007-001 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The effectiveness of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy in routine care
Cavanagh, K., Shapiro, D. A., Van den Berg, S., Swain, S., Barkham, M., & Proudfoot, J. (2006) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x84782 · Cited by 113 · cited 8× · see citing works
“95% CI 7.1 – 11.8.and a significant reduction in total CORE-OM scores at study end t (55) = 9.2. p < .001, SD = .79, ES = 1.4, CI .76 – 1.2.”
MethodResultInfluentialThe role of computer‐aided psychotherapy within an NHS CBT specialist service
Learmonth, D., Trosh, J., Rai, S., Sewell, J., & Cavanagh, K. (2008) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140801976290 · Cited by 65 · cited 3× · see citing works
“To place the current data into context, the reliable and clinically significant change benchmarks defined by Westbrook and Kirk (2005) and followed by Cavanagh et al. (2006) and Learmonth et al. (2008) were also used.”
BackgroundMethodResult
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., Baños, R., Castro, A., Romero-Sanchiz, P., López-Del-Hoyo, Y., et al. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5695 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Todd, N. J., Jones, S. H., & Lobban, F. A. (2013) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1804 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Reynolds, J., Griffiths, K., Cunningham, J., Bennett, K., & Bennett, A. (2015) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4200 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Todd, N. J., Solis‐Trapala, I., Jones, S. H., & Lobban, F. A. (2012) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.02.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mira, A., Soler, C., Alda, M., Baños, R., Castilla, D., Castro, A., García-Campayo, J., García-Palacios, A., Gili, M., Hurtado, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00325 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Parry, G. D., Barkham, M., Brazier, J. E., Dent‐Brown, K., Hardy, G. E., Kendrick, T., Rick, J., Chambers, E., Chan, T., Connell, J., et al. (2011) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · doi:10.13140/2.1.2983.0726 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Adherence predictors in an Internet-based Intervention program for depression
Castro, A., del Hoyo, Y. L., Peake, C., Mayoral, F., Botella, C., García‐Campayo, J., Baños, R., Nogueira‐Arjona, R., Roca, M., & Gili, M. (2017) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1366546 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Montero-Marín, J., Carrasco, J. M., Roca, M., Serrano-Blanco, A., Gili, M., Mayoral, F., Luciano, J. V., Lopez-del-Hoyo, Y., Olivan, B., Collazo, F., et al. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-64 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
del Hoyo, Y. L., Oliván‐Blázquez, B., Luciano, J. V., Mayoral, F., Roca, M., Gili, M., Andres, E. M., Serrano‐Blanco, A., Collazo, F., Araya, R., et al. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-21 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lopez-Montoyo, A., Quero, S., Montero-Marin, J., Barcelo-Soler, A., Beltran, M., Campos, D., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2298-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Finding Web-Based Anxiety Interventions on the World Wide Web: A Scoping Review
Ashford, M. T., Olander, E. K., & Ayers, S. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5349 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Krause, K., Gürtler, D., Bischof, G., Rumpf, H.-J., Lucht, M., John, U., & Meyer, C. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000270 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Purves, D. G., Bennett, M., & Wellman, N.
- Affiliations
- London Metropolitan University (GB)
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of West London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Purves, David G.
- ORCID
- Purves, David G.
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-08-25
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 541-551
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- OpenAlex
- W1967379081
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- home-based therapy, depression, anxiety, online therapy, primary care, secondary care, National Health Service, treatment completion, reliable change
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Personality Inventory, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Self Care, Software, State Medicine, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review