Cognitive reserve moderates the negative effect of brain atrophy on cognitive efficiency in multiple sclerosis
Abstract
According to the cognitive reserve hypothesis, neuropsychological expression of brain disease is attenuated among persons with higher education or premorbid intelligence. The current research examined cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis (MS) by investigating whether the negative effect of brain atrophy on information processing (IP) efficiency is moderated by premorbid intelligence. Thirty-eight persons with clinically definite MS completed a vocabulary-based estimate of premorbid intelligence (Wechsler Vocabulary) and a composite measure of IP efficiency (Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task). Brain atrophy was estimated from measurements of third ventricle width using high-resolution anatomical brain magnetic resonance imaging (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo). In a hierarchical regression analysis controlling for age and depressive symptomatology, brain atrophy predicted worse IP efficiency (R2 = .23, p = .003) and cognitive reserve predicted better IP efficiency (R2 = .13, p = .013), but these effects were moderated by an Atrophy x Cognitive Reserve interaction (R2 = .15, p = .004). The negative effect of brain atrophy on IP efficiency was attenuated at higher levels of reserve, such that MS subjects with higher reserve were better able to withstand MS neuropathology without suffering cognitive impairment. Results help explain the incomplete and inconsistent relationship between brain atrophy and IP efficiency in previous res…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This finding is somewhat consistent with previous findings supporting the cognitive reserve hypothesis, that higher education mitigates cognitive problems associated with MS.
“This finding is somewhat consistent with previous findings supporting the cognitive reserve hypothesis, that higher education mitigates cognitive problems associated with MS73–75.”
From Ecological momentary assessment of pain, fatigue, depressive, and cognitive symptoms reveals significant daily variability in multiple sclerosis (2017) · cites this paper as [73]
Cites
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT
Martin Bland, J., & Altman, D. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8 · Cited by 47,965 · see citing works
Beckett, A. H., Rowland, M., & TURNER, P. (1965) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91037-8 · Cited by 16,917 · see citing works
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (2011) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t00742-000 · Cited by 7,535 · see citing works
McDonald, W. I., Compston, A., Edan, G., Goodkin, D., Hartung, H., Lublin, F. D., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., et al. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1032 · Cited by 6,969 · see citing works
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Dumont, R., Willis, J. O., Veizel, K., & Zibulsky, J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese2519 · Cited by 5,547 · see citing works
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Wechsler, D. (1999) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t15170-000 · Cited by 4,681 · see citing works
The Neuropsychological Assessment
Ogden, J. A. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195171358.003.0002 · Cited by 4,382 · see citing works
What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept
STERN, Y. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702813248 · Cited by 3,951 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
Rao, S. M., Leo, G. J., Bernardin, L., & Unverzagt, F. W. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.5.685 · Cited by 2,136 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70259-x · Cited by 2,088 · see citing works
Self-citationLeisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly
Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Hall, C. B., Derby, C. A., Kuslansky, G., Ambrose, A. F., Sliwinski, M., & Buschke, H. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022252 · Cited by 1,961 · see citing works
Neuropsychological assessment, 4th ed.
Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., Hannay, H. J., & Fischer, J. S. (2004) · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works
Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease
Wilson, R. S. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.6.742 · Cited by 1,312 · see citing works
Katzman, R., Terry, R., DeTeresa, R., Brown, T., Davies, P., Fuld, P., Renbing, X., & Peck, A. (1988) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410230206 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure
Cutter, G. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.5.871 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Cognitive Reserve and Alzheimer Disease
Stern, Y. (2006) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/01.wad.0000213815.20177.19 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
Scarmeas, N., Levy, G., Tang, M.-X., Manly, J., & Stern, Y. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.12.2236 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Intensive Immunosuppression in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Hauser, S. L., Dawson, D. M., Lehrich, J. R., Beal, M. F., Kevy, S. V., Propper, R. D., Mills, J. L., & Weiner, H. L. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198301273080401 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS)
Benedict, R. H. B., Cookfair, D. L., Gavett, R. A., Gunther, M. W., Munschauer, F. E., Garg, N., & Weinstock‐Guttman, B. (2006) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617706060723 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review
Siegert, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.054635 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Minimal Neuropsychological Assessment of MS Patients: A Consensus Approach
Benedict, R. H. B., Fischer, J. S., Archibald, C. J., Arnett, P. A., Beatty, W. W., Bobholz, J. A., Chelune, G. J., Fisk, J. D., Langdon, D. W., Caruso, L. S., et al. (2002) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1076/clin.16.3.381.13859 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Self-citationCrystal, H., Dickson, D., Fuld, P., Masur, D., Scott, R., Mehler, M., Masdeu, J., Kawas, C., Aronson, M., & Wolfson, L. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.11.1682 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons
Bennett, D. A., Wilson, R. S., Schneider, J. A., Evans, D. A., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Arnold, S. E., Barnes, L. L., & Bienias, J. L. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000069923.64550.9f · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Thalamic atrophy and cognition in multiple sclerosis
Houtchens, M., Benedict, R., Killiany, R., Sharma, J., Jaisani, Z., Singh, B., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Guttmann, C., & Bakshi, R. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000276992.17011.b5 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Inverse relationship between education and parietotemporal perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease
Stern, Y., Alexander, G. E., Prohovnik, I., & Mayeux, R. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320311 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
The measurement and clinical relevance of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis.
Bermel, R., & Bakshi, R. (2006) · Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70349-0 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Brain networks associated with cognitive reserve in healthy young and old adults
Stern, Y. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh142 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Prediction of Neuropsychological Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Benedict, R. H. B., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Fishman, I., Sharma, J., Tjoa, C. W., & Bakshi, R. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.2.226 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.2.165 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Neocortical atrophy, third ventricular width, and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
Benedict, R., Bruce, J. M., Dwyer, M., Abdelrahman, N., Hussein, S., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Garg, N., Munschauer, F., & Zivadinov, R. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.9.1301 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Gray and white matter brain atrophy and neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis
Sanfilipo, M., Benedict, R., Weinstock-Guttman, B., & Bakshi, R. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000201238.93586.d9 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Gyldensted, C. (1977) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/bf00496982 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Guidelines for Neuropsychological Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Peyser, J. M., Rao, S. M., LaRocca, N. G., & Kaplan, E. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530010120030 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Stern, Y., Tang, M. X., Denaro, J., & Mayeux, R. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410370508 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Influence of education on the relationship between white matter lesions and cognition
Dufouil, C., Alpérovitch, A., & Tzourio, C. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000049456.33231.96 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
O’Brien, A. R., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Goverover, Y., & DeLuca, J. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.10.019 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationAlzheimer Disease and Cognitive Reserve
Roe, C. M., Mintun, M. A., D’Angelo, G., Xiong, C., Grant, E., & Morris, J. C. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.11.1467 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Cognitive performance and MR markers of cerebral injury in cognitively impaired MS patients
Christodoulou, C., Krupp, L., Liang, Z., Huang, W. C., Melville, P., Roque, C., SCHERL, W. F., Morgan, T. C. N., MacAllister, W. S., Li, L., et al. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000072264.75989.b8 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Intelligence and neural efficiency
Neubauer, A. C., Fink, A., & Schrausser, D. G. (2002) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00091-0 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve protects against cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390902740643 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationSweet, L. H., Rao, S. M., Primeau, M., Durgerian, S., & Cohen, R. A. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20163 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Brain activation patterns associated with working memory in relapsing-remitting MS
Wishart, H. A., Saykin, A. J., McDonald, B. C., Mamourian, A. C., Flashman, L. A., SCHUSCHU, K. R., Ryan, K. A., Fadul, C. E., & Kasper, L. H. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000103238.91536.5f · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Education and the cognitive decline associated with MRI-defined brain infarct
Elkins, J. S., Longstreth, W. T., Manolio, T. A., Newman, A. B., Bhadelia, R. A., & Johnston, S. C. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000228246.89109.98 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
An Investigation of Working Memory Rehearsal in Multiple Sclerosis Using fMRI
Hillary, F. G., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Ricker, J. H., Steffener, J., Bly, B. M., Lange, G., Liu, W. C., Kalnin, A., & DeLuca, J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.25.7.965.16490 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinct mechanisms of altered brain activation in patients with multiple sclerosis
Morgen, K., Sammer, G., Courtney, S., Wolters, T., Melchior, H., Blecker, C., Oschmann, P., Kaps, M., & Vaitl, D. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.045 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bonnet, M. C., Deloire, M. S. A., Salort‐Campana, E., Dousset, V., Petry, K. G., & Brochet, B. (2006) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2006.08.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Impact of cognitive reserve on the relationship of lead exposure and neurobehavioral performance
Bleecker, M. L., Ford, D. P., Celio, M. A., Vaughan, C. G., & Lindgren, K. N. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000266628.43760.8c · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Functional Neuroimaging of Cognitive Reserve in Multiple Sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Wylie, G. R., Genova, H. M., & DeLuca, J. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e518462008-001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPrice (1999) · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199903)45:3
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brain health: time matters in multiple sclerosis
Giovannoni, G., Butzkueven, H., Dhib-Jalbut, S. S., Hobart, J. C., Kobelt, G., Pepper, G., Sormani, M. P., Thalheim, C., Traboulsee, A. L., & Vollmer, T. L. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.003 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Cognition in multiple sclerosis
Langdon, D. W. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e328346a43b · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Risk factors for and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Benedict, R., & Zivadinov, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.61 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical, Radiologic and Pathologic Insights
DeLuca, G. C., Yates, R., Beale, H., & Morrow, S. (2015) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12220 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Brain reserve and cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., Rocca, M. A., Leavitt, V. M., Riccitelli, G. C., Comı, G., DeLuca, J., & Filippi, M. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318296e98b · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain reserve and cognitive reserve protect against cognitive decline over 4.5 years in MS
Sumowski, J. F., Rocca, M. A., Leavitt, V. M., Dackovic, J. R., Mesaroš, Š., Drulovic, J. S., DeLuca, J., & Filippi, M. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000433 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., & Leavitt, V. M. (2013) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458513498834 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationSumowski, J. F., Wylie, G. R., DeLuca, J., & Chiaravalloti, N. D. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp307 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, clinical relevance and treatment options
Andravizou, A., Dardiotis, E., Artemiadis, A., Sokratous, M., Siokas, V., Tsouris, Z., Aloizou, A., Nikolaidis, I., Bakirtzis, C., Tsivgoulis, G. K., et al. (2019) · Autoimmunity Highlights · doi:10.1186/s13317-019-0117-5 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve moderates decline in information processing speed in multiple sclerosis patients
Benedict, R. H. B., Morrow, S. A., Guttman, B. W., Cookfair, D. L., & Schretlen, D. J. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710000688 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Amato, M. P., Razzolini, L., Goretti, B., Stromillo, M. L., Rossi, F., Giorgio, A., Hakiki, B., Giannini, M., Pastò, L., Portaccio, E., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182918c6f · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Neuropsychology of Multiple Sclerosis: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Benedict, R., DeLuca, J., Enzinger, C., Geurts, J., Krupp, L., & Rao, S. (2017) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617717000959 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationKratz, A. L., Murphy, S. L., & Braley, T. J. (2017) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.07.002 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: Protective effects of education
SILVA, A. C. F. D., Cavaco, S., Moreira, I. C., Bettencourt, A., Santos, E., Pinto, C. A., Gonçalves, A., Coutinho, E., Samões, R., Dias, C. C., et al. (2015) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458515581874 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yoshizawa, H., Gazes, Y., Stern, Y., Miyata, Y., & Uchiyama, S. (2014) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.10.009 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sumowski, J. F., Wylie, G. R., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e396be · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of cannabis on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis
Honarmand, K., Tierney, M. C., O'Connor, P. W., & Feinstein, A. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318212ab0c · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Iaffaldano, P., Viterbo, R. G., Paolicelli, D., Lucchese, G., Portaccio, E., Goretti, B., Direnzo, V., D’Onghia, M., Zoccolella, S., Amato, M. P., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035843 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Premorbid cognitive leisure independently contributes to cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., Wylie, G. R., Gonnella, A., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f881a6 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationNygaard, G. O., Walhovd, K. B., Sowa, P., Chepkoech, J., Bjørnerud, A., Due‐Tønnessen, P., Landrø, N. I., Damangir, S., Spulber, G., Storsve, A. B., et al. (2014) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458514543811 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Correlations between MRI and Information Processing Speed in MS: A Meta-Analysis
Rao, S. M., Martin, A. L., Huelin, R., Wissinger, E., Khankhel, Z., Kim, E., & Fahrbach, K. R. (2014) · Multiple Sclerosis International · doi:10.1155/2014/975803 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Siponimod and Cognition in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Benedict, R. H. B., Tomic, D., Cree, B., Fox, R. J., Giovannoni, G., Bar‐Or, A., Gold, R., Vermersch, P., Pohlmann, H., Wright, I., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000011275 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Campbell, J. L., Langdon, D. W., Cercignani, M., & Rashid, W. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/4292585 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pathology and MRI: exploring cognitive impairment in MS
Paul, F. (2016) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12649 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Functional magnetic resonance imaging movers and shakers: Does subject-movement cause sampling bias?
Wylie, G. R., Genova, H. M., DeLuca, J., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & Sumowski, J. F. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22150 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationMathias, J. L., & Wheaton, P. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in early multiple sclerosis: a review
McNicholas, N., O’Connell, K., Yap, S. M., Killeen, R. P., Hutchinson, M., & McGuigan, C. (2017) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcx070 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cognitive Reserve Components as Expressed in Traumatic Brain Injury
Levi, Y., Rassovsky, Y., Agranov, E., Sela-Kaufman, M., & Vakil, E. (2013) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617713000192 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cognitive and neurobehavioral features in multiple sclerosis
Arnett, P. A., & Strober, L. B. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.12 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis.
Julian, L. (2011) · Neurologic clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.12.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pragmatic Language Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential Effect of Cognitive Reserve
Montemurro, S., Mondini, S., Signorini, M., Marchetto, A., Bambini, V., & Arcara, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01220 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Schwartz, C. E., Quaranto, B. R., Healy, B. C., Benedict, R. H. B., & Vollmer, T. L. (2013) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.05.009 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Occupational Attainment as a Marker of Cognitive Reserve in Multiple Sclerosis
Ghaffar, O., Fiati, M., & Feinstein, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047206 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cognitive Reserve as a Useful Concept for Early Intervention Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Sumowski, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00176 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive reserve, cognition, and regional brain damage in MS: A 2 -year longitudinal study
Rocca, M. A., Riccitelli, G. C., Meani, A., Pagani, E., Sette, P. D., Martinelli, V., Comı, G., Falini, A., & Filippi, M. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458517750767 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pinter, D., Sumowski, J. F., DeLuca, J., Fazekas, F., Pichler, A., Khalil, M., Langkammer, C., Fuchs, S., & Enzinger, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087567 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationNocentini, U., Bozzali, M., Spanò, B., Cercignani, M., Serra, L., Basile, B., Mannu, R., Caltagirone, C., & Luca, J. D. (2012) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9170-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Munari, D., Fonte, C., Varalta, V., Battistuzzi, E., Cassini, S., Montagnoli, A. P., Gandolfi, M., Modenese, A., Filippetti, M., Smania, N., et al. (2020) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-190974 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
School performance as a marker of cognitive decline prior to diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Sinay, V. J., Akly, M. P., Zanga, G., Ciardi, C., & Racosta, J. M. (2014) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458514554054 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Genova, H. M., Lengenfelder, J., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Moore, N. B., & DeLuca, J. (2012) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/09084282.2011.643951 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationLongitudinal MRI and neuropsychological assessment of patients with clinically isolated syndrome
Uher, T., Dušánková, J. B., Horáková, D., Bergsland, N., Týblová, M., Benedict, R. H. B., Kalinčík, T., Ramasamy, D. P., Seidl, Z., Hagermeier, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7413-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Papathanasiou, A., Messinis, L., Zampakis, P. E., Panagiotakis, G., Gourzis, P., Georgiou, V. L., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Determinants of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis with and without Atrophy
Eijlers, A. J. C., Meijer, K. A., van Geest, Q., Geurts, J. J. G., & Schoonheim, M. M. (2018) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2018172808 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bilingualism and Aging: Implications for (Delaying) Neurocognitive Decline
Gallo, F., DeLuca, V., Prystauka, Y., Voits, T., Rothman, J., & Abutalebi, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.819105 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Rimkus, C. D. M., Avolio, I. B., Miotto, E. C., Apóstolos‐Pereira, S. L., Mendes, M. F., Callegaro, D., & Leite, C. D. C. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.03.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dynamic Assessment of Social Cognition in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Genova, H. M., Cagna, C. J., Chiaravalloti, N. D., DeLuca, J., & Lengenfelder, J. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715001137 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationSela-Kaufman, M., Rassovsky, Y., Agranov, E., Levi, Y., & Vakil, E. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.799123 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Voits, T., Pliatsikas, C., Robson, H., & Rothman, J. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107593 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Measurement and maintenance of reserve in multiple sclerosis
Sandroff, B. M., Schwartz, C. E., & DeLuca, J. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8104-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of Multiple Sclerosis on Daily Life
Goverover, Y., Genova, H. M., DeLuca, J., & Chiaravalloti, N. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-98188-8_7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory impairment in multiple sclerosis is due to a core deficit in initial learning
DeLuca, J., Leavitt, V. M., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & Wylie, G. R. (2013) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-013-6990-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAge of Onset as a Moderator of Cognitive Decline in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis
Hosseini, B., Flora, D. B., Banwell, B., & Till, C. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617714000642 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sub-threshold cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: the association with cognitive reserve
Feinstein, A., Lapshin, H., O'Connor, P. W., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2013) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-013-6952-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Leavitt, V. M., & DeLuca, J. (2012) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458512440205 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationBakirtzis, C., Ioannidis, P., Messinis, L., Nasios, G., Konstantinopoulou, E., Papathanasopoulos, P., & Grigoriadis, N. (2018) · The Open Neurology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874205x01812010031 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Diker, S., Has, A. C., Kurne, A., Göçmen, R., Oğuz, K. K., & Karabudak, R. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.08.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: from phenomenology to neurobiological mechanisms
Jellinger, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-024-02786-y · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Active Cognitive Reserve Influences the Regional Atrophy to Cognition Link in Multiple Sclerosis
Booth, A. J., Rodgers, J. D., Schwartz, C. E., Quaranto, B. R., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Zivadinov, R., & Benedict, R. H. B. (2013) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617713001082 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Exploring cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: New findings from a cross-sectional study
Nunnari, D., Cola, M. C. D., da Costa, A. G., Rifici, C., Bramanti, P., & Marino, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1200538 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Impact of Pharmacotherapy on Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Roy, S., Benedict, R. H. B., Drake, A. S., & Weinstock‐Guttman, B. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0319-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic, cognitive and clinical impact
Rojas, J. I., Patrucco, L., Míguez, J., & Cristiano, E. (2016) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20160015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Default network activity is a sensitive and specific biomarker of memory in multiple sclerosis
Sumowski, J. F., Wylie, G. R., Leavitt, V. M., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2012) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458512448267 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKrch, D., Frank, L. E., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Vakil, E., & DeLuca, J. (2019) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000472 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of language ability in verbal fluency of individuals with multiple sclerosis
Lebkuecher, A. L., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & Strober, L. B. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102846 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationStein, C., O’Keeffe, F. M., Strahan, O., McGuigan, C., & Bramham, J. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Brain atrophy: an in-vivo measure of disease activity in multiple sclerosis.
Radü, E., Bendfeldt, K., Mueller-Lenke, N., Magon, S., & Sprenger, T. (2013) · Swiss medical weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2013.13887 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Consideration of Cognitive Reserve
Cosentino, S., & Stern, Y. (2019) · Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Aging and Dementia · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3106-0_2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Synergistic Effects of Reserve and Adaptive Personality in Multiple Sclerosis
Roy, S., Schwartz, C. E., Duberstein, P. R., Dwyer, M. G., Zivadinov, R., Bergsland, N., Powell, V. E., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., & Benedict, R. H. B. (2016) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617716000333 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Santangelo, G., Bisecco, A., Trojano, L., Sacco, R., Siciliano, M., d'Ambrosio, A., Corte, M. D., Lavorgna, L., Bonavita, S., Tedeschi, G., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8905-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Montemurro, S., Mondini, S., & Arcara, G. (2021) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000770 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
de Caneda, M. A. G., & de Vecino, M. C. A. (2016) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20160151 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cognitive and brain reserve for mind-body therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: A review
Crescentini, C., Urgesi, C., Fabbro, F., & Eleopra, R. (2014) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-130364 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sundgren, M., Wåhlin, Å., Maurex, L., & Brismar, T. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.025 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Soares, J. M., Conde, R., Magalhães, R. J. D. S., Marques, P., Magalhães, R., Gomes, L., Gonçalves, Ó. F., Arantes, M., & Sampaio, A. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-020-00264-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Altruism and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis: The effect of cognitive reserve
Schwartz, C. E., Quaranto, B. R., Healy, B. C., Benedict, R. H. B., & Vollmer, T. L. (2013) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2013.776621 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rolstad, S., Abé, C., Olsson, E., Eckerström, C., & Landén, M. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716001641 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Yalachkov, Y., Uhlmann, V., Bergmann, J., Soydaş, D., Frisch, S., Behrens, M., Foerch, C., & Gehrig, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228679 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gould, J. R., Reineberg, A. E., Cleland, B. T., Knoblauch, K. E., Clinton, G. K., Banich, M. T., Corboy, J. R., & Enoka, R. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01404 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Impact of occupational complexity on cognitive decline in the oldest-old
Hakiki, B., Pancani, S., Portaccio, E., Molino-Lova, R., Sofi, F., Macchi, C., & Cecchi, F. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1746739 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jeffery, D., di Cantogno, E. V., Ritter, S., Meier, D. P., Radue, E. W., & Camu, W. (2015) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-015-7959-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cuestionario de reserva cognitiva: análisis psicométrico desde la teoría de respuesta al ítem
Martino, P., Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., Valencia, P. D., Politis, D. G., Gallegos, M., de Bortoli, M. Á., & Garnero, M. C. (2022) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.7507.2022113 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Does cognitive reserve apply to multiple sclerosis?
Arnett, P. A. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e4fc52 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yalachkov, Y., Bergmann, J., Soydaş, D., Buschenlange, C., Fadai, L., Naumer, M. J., Kaiser, J., Frisch, S., Behrens, M., Foerch, C., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00373 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Predictors of Neuropsychological Recovery in Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Keifer, E., Duff, K., Beglinger, L. J., Barstow, E., Andersen, A. E., & Moser, D. J. (2010) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2010.490120 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neuropsychological assessment: experimental and clinical research
Falautano, M. (2010) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-010-0371-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bonnet, M. C., Sumowski, J. F., Deloire, M., & Brochet, B. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182068e2a · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationMaggi, G., Altieri, M., Risi, M., Rippa, V., Borgo, R. M., Sacco, R., Buonanno, D., d’Ambrosio, A., Bisecco, A., Santangelo, G., et al. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07388-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Exploring the relation between reserve and fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Tranfa, M., Iuzzolino, V. V., Perrella, P. P., Carotenuto, A., Pontillo, G., Moccia, M., Cocozza, S., Elefante, A., Lanzillo, R., Brunetti, A., et al. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.104842 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Schwartz, C. E., Dwyer, M. G., Benedict, R. H. B., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Bergsland, N., Li, J., Ramanathan, M. K., & Zivadinov, R. (2016) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0624-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sarabandi, M. (2017) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports5020034 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hakiki, B., Pancani, S., Romoli, A. M., Draghi, F., Maccanti, D., Mannini, A., & Cecchi, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1106989 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Santos, T., Pinheiro, J., & Barros, P. (2015) · European Neurological Review · doi:10.17925/enr.2015.10.02.157 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Consideration of Cognitive Reserve
Cosentino, S., & Stern, Y. (2019) · Clinical handbooks in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93497-6_2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
How can cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis inform clinical care?
Arnett, P. A., & Brochet, B. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182919083 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Khedr, E. M., Desoky, T., Gamea, A., Ezzeldin, M. Y., & Zaki, A. F. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12705 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
An unusual cause of isolated vomiting
Schlaeger, R., & Sollberger, M. A. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f61354 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Principales efectos de la reserva cognitiva sobre diversas enfermedades: una revisión sistemática
Reynoso-Alcántara, V., Silva‐Pereyra, J., Fernández, T., & Mondragón‐Maya, A. (2018) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2018.02.005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Neuroimaging and Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis
Dacosta‐Aguayo, R., Genova, H. M., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48382-1_6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis
Nocentini, U., Romano, S., & Caltagirone, C. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2676-6_17 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Massalha, H., Menascu, S., Dreyer-Alster, S., Aloni, R., & Kalron, A. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.106189 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- SUMOWSKI, J. F., CHIARAVALLOTI, N., WYLIE, G., & DELUCA, J.
- Affiliations
- Kessler Foundation (US)
- Corresponding author
- SUMOWSKI, JAMES F.
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 606-612
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- OpenAlex
- W2090481814
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Cambridge
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- cognitive reserve, multiple sclerosis, brain atrophy, processing efficiency, premorbid intelligence, third ventricle width, cognitive impairment, moderation, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Atrophy, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuropsychological Tests, Regression Analysis, Vocabulary, Models, Statistical, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review