Examining predictors of reaction times in children with ADHD and normal controls
Open accessAbstract
A microanalysis of task events in a common go/no-go task was completed to examine how task events impact individual reaction times. Predictors of long reaction times were analyzed to better understand increased intra-individual variability (IIV) among children with ADHD compared with normal controls. Sixty-five children with ADHD and 65 normal controls matched on gender, ethnicity, and age completed a go/no-go task. Children across both groups were slower before and after omission errors than all other trials. They were also slower on the trial before successfully inhibiting their response to no-go trials. Children with ADHD exhibited a pronounced slowing on trials prior to omission errors and trials prior to successful inhibitions compared with the normal control group. Pre-error slowing in children with ADHD may represent the beginning stages of attentional disengagement that subsequently results in the absence of responding (i.e., errors of omission or successful inhibition). While these event-related increases in reaction time explain some of the increased IIV observed in children with ADHD, the removal of these trials did not remove the pronounced between-group differences in IIV, suggesting that additional unmeasured processes are contributing to IIV in children with ADHD.
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In ADHD research, reaction time variability is typically interpreted as reflecting occasional lapses in attention.
“In ADHD research, RTV in ADHD is typically interpreted (at least implicitly) as reflecting occasional lapses in attention”
From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [33]
Children with ADHD show pronounced slowing on the trial before an omission error and less pronounced slowing on trials following an omission error.
“Children with ADHD demonstrated pronounced slowing (i.e., long RTs) on the trial before an omission error, as well as slowing, although not nearly as pronounced, on trials following an omission error.”
From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- EPSTEIN, J. N., HWANG, M. E., ANTONINI, T., LANGBERG, J. M., ALTAYE, M., & ARNOLD, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- EPSTEIN, JEFFERY N.
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-22
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 138-147
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- PMC
- PMC3050612
- OpenAlex
- W2099599198
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- University of Cambridge
- National Institutes of Health (n01mh012012-001)
- National Institute of Mental Health (UO1 MH50453, UO1 MH50461, UO1 MH-50454, UO1 MH50440, U01MH050467, U01MH050447, U01MH050440, UO1 MH50477, UO1MH50467, N01 MH012012, U01MH050453, U01MH050461, U01MH050454)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reaction time, within-person variability, go/no-go task, omission errors, response inhibition, attentional disengagement, children
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Choice Behavior, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Reaction Time
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