Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects
Open accessAbstract
Background: Reaction time (RT) variability is one of the strongest findings to emerge in cognitive-experimental research of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We set out to confirm the association between ADHD and slow and variable RTs and investigate the degree to which RT performance improves under fast event rate and incentives. Using a group familial correlation approach, we tested the hypothesis that there are shared familial effects on RT performance and ADHD. Method: A total of 144 ADHD combined-type probands, 125 siblings of the ADHD probands and 60 control participants, ages 6–18, performed a four-choice RT task with baseline and fast-incentive conditions. Results: ADHD was associated with slow and variable RTs, and with greater improvement in speed and RT variability from baseline to fast-incentive condition. RT performance showed shared familial influences with ADHD. Under the assumption that the familial effects represent genetic influences, the proportion of the phenotypic correlation due to shared familial influences was estimated as 60–70%. Conclusions: The data are inconsistent with models that consider RT variability as reflecting a stable cognitive deficit in ADHD, but instead emphasize the extent to which energetic or motivational factors can have a greater effect on RT performance in ADHD. The findings support the role of RT variability as an endophenotype mediating the link between genes and ADHD.
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Children with ADHD commit both more omission errors and commission errors than healthy controls.
“This is in line with previous research showing that children with ADHD commit both more omission errors and commission errors than healthy controls [80–82].”
From Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
The Results section reports slower and more variable reaction times in the ADHD group than in controls, but does not report omission or commission error rates. Searches for those terms and for missed targets, false alarms, and incorrect responses found no passage establishing the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- ANDREOU, P., NEALE, B. M., CHEN, W., CHRISTIANSEN, H., GABRIELS, I., HEISE, A., MEIDAD, S., MULLER, U. C., UEBEL, H., BANASCHEWSKI, T., MANOR, I., OADES, R., ROEYERS, H., ROTHENBERGER, A., SHAM, P., STEINHAUSEN, H.-C., ASHERSON, P., & KUNTSI, J.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Geha Mental Health Center (IL)
- Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- KUNTSI, JONNA
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-05-31
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1703-1715
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3770126
- OpenAlex
- W1967634204
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen) (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (G0300189, R01MH062873)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062873)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reaction time variability, family influence, genetic factors, endophenotypes, processing speed, motivation, siblings, combined type ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Motivation, Phenotype, Reaction Time, Statistics as Topic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Siblings
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